Papers - FUKAMI Hironobu
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イシサンゴ類の系統分類：分子系統解析と形態分類の不一致
深見裕伸
みどりいし 16 5 - 9 2005.3
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)
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ミドリイシサンゴにおける産卵タイミングと生殖隔離
服田昌之，深見裕伸
みどりいし ( 15 ) 23 - 25 2004.3
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)
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Conventional taxonomy obscures deep divergence between Pacific and Atlantic corals
Fukami H., Budd A., Paulay G., Solé-Cava A., Chen C., Iwao K., Knowlton N.
Nature 427 ( 6977 ) 832 - 835 2004.2
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Nature
Only 17% of 111 reef-building coral genera and none of the 18 coral families with reef-builders are considered endemic to the Atlantic, whereas the corresponding percentages for the Indowest Pacific are 76% and 39%. These figures depend on the assumption that genera and families spanning the two provinces belong to the same lineages (that is, they are monophyletic). Here we show that this assumption is incorrect on the basis of analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Pervasive morphological convergence at the family level has obscured the evolutionary distinctiveness of Atlantic corals. Some Atlantic genera conventionally assigned to different families are more closely related to each other than they are to their respective Pacific 'congeners'. Nine of the 27 genera of reef-building Atlantic corals belong to this previously unrecognized lineage, which probably diverged over 34 million years ago. Although Pacific reefs have larger numbers of more narrowly distributed species, and therefore rank higher in biodiversity hotspot analyses, the deep evolutionary distinctiveness of many Atlantic corals should also be considered when setting conservation priorities.
DOI： 10.1038/nature02339
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Fukami H., Budd A., Levitan D., Jara J., Kersanach R., Knowlton N.
Evolution 58 ( 2 ) 324 - 337 2004.2
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Evolution
The three members of the Montastraea annularis complex (M. annularis, M. franksi, and M. faveolata) are dominant reef builders in the western Atlantic whose species status has been controversial for over a decade. Although differences in colony morphology and reproductive characteristics exist, interspecific fertilizations are possible in the laboratory and genetic differentiation is slight. Here we compare the three taxa genetically and morphologically in Panama and the Bahamas, widely separated locations spanning most of their geographic ranges. In Panama, analyses of three AFLP loci, a noncoding region of the mitochondrial genome, and ITS sequences reveal that M. faveolata is strongly differentiated genetically. Discriminant function analysis also indicates no overlap with the other two species in the fine structure of the corallites that comprise the colony. Genetic analyses of larvae from interspecific crosses between M. faveolata and the other two taxa confirmed the hybrid status of the larvae, but no examples of the most probable F1genotype were observed in the field. Although M. annularis and M. franksi were more similar, they also exhibited strong frequency differences at two AFLP loci and in the mitochondrial noncoding region, as well as distinct corallite structure. In the Bahamas, in contrast, the three taxa exhibited overlapping morphologies. Montastraea franksi and M. annularis were indistinguishable genetically, and M. faveolata was distinct at fewer genetic loci. Once again, however, the most probable F1genotype involving M. faveolata was not observed. Geographic differences between Panama and the Bahamas explain why past studies have come to different conclusions concerning the status of the three species. In general, the genetic and morphological data suggest a north to south hybridization gradient, with evidence for introgression strongest in the north. However, reproductive data show no such trend, with intrinsic barriers to gene flow comparable or stronger in the north.
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Levitan D., Fukami H., Jara J., Kline D., McGovern T., McGhee K., Swanson C., Knowlton N.
Evolution 58 ( 2 ) 308 - 323 2004.2
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Evolution
Many coral species spawn simultaneously and have compatible gametes, leading to controversy over the nature of species boundaries and the frequency with which hybridization occurs. Three western Atlantic corals, Montastraea annularis, M. faveolata, and M. franksi, typify this controversy; they all spawn sympatrically on the same evenings after the fall full moons. Here we show, in both Panama and the Bahamas for multiple years, how a variety of mechanisms may act in concert to reproductively isolate all three species. Field studies indicate that M. franksi spawns two hours earlier than the other two species, and the eggs released during this earlier period disperse an average of 500 m by the time the other species spawn. Field measures of fertilization indicate that peak fertilization occurs when spawning synchrony is high and that corals that spawn at the tails of the spawning distributions have greatly reduced fertilization success. Laboratory studies indicate that there is a gametic incompatibility between M. faveolata and the other two species. There are regional differences in the gametic compatibility of M. franksi and M. annularis. In Panama, the two species are completely compatible, whereas in the Bahamas, M. franksi sperm can fertilize M. annularis eggs but the reciprocal cross often fails. Gamete age influences patterns of fertilization, such that very young eggs seem resistant to fertilization and old sperm lose viability after two hours. In sum, the combination of temporal differences in spawning, sperm aging, gamete dispersal and dilution, and gametic incompatibility act in various combinations among the three species, making it unlikely that hybrid fertilization would occur.
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Ecological and genetic aspects of reproductive isolation by different spawning times in Acropora corals Reviewed
H Fukami, M Omori, K Shimoike, T Hayashibara, M Hatta
Marine Biology 142 679 - 684 2003.2
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
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Reticulate evolution of corals
M Hatta, H Fukami
Natural Science Report, Ochanomizu University 53 67 - 69 2002.6
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)
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Omori M., Fukami H., Kobinata H., Hatta M.
Limnology and Oceanography 46 ( 3 ) 704 - 706 2001.5
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Limnology and Oceanography
In June 1999, after devastating coral bleaching in 1998, laboratory fertilization of Acropora nasuta, one of the most abundant reef-building corals in Okinawa, Japan, decreased significantly from usual rates (>94%) to an average of 42% at a sperm concentration of 105ml-1. Similar decreases were observed in four other mass-spawning acroporid corals. We also found a decrease in sperm motility in the laboratory. A series of experiments to determine the effects of sperm concentration on fertilization rates revealed that sperm of 107ml-1was needed to obtain a rate >80%. Sperm concentration in surface seawater during mass spawning was highest within 1.0 h of spawning but decreased sharply thereafter. These results suggest that gamete dilution plays an important role in limiting the fertilization of coral eggs in the sea. As successful fertilization appears to have been much lower in 1999, we suspect that production of new coral recruits was also reduced greatly. Current and future sea-temperature increases thus pose a severe potential threat to coral reefs by increasing the frequency of coral bleaching and consequently leading to further declines of coral recruitment and hence, reef corals.
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Phylogenetic Relationships in the Coral Family Acroporidae, Reassessed by Inference from Mitochondrial Genes Reviewed
H Fukami, M Hatta, M Omori
Zoological Science 17 689 - 696 2000.6
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
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Mass spawning facilitates reticulate evolution in reef-building corals
M Hatta, H Fukami
Journal of Reproduction & Development, supplment 46 2000.3
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)
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Reproductive and Genetic Evidence for a Reticulate Evolutionary History of Mass-Spawning Corals Reviewed
M Hatta, H Fukami, W Wang, M Omori, K Shimoike, T Hayashibara, Y Ina, T Sugiyama
Molecular Biology and Evolution 16 1607 - 1613 1999.11
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
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New Observations on the Bioluminescence of the Pelagic Shrimp, Sergia lucens (Hansen, 1922) Reviewed
M Omori, MI Latz, H Fukami, M Wada
Zooplankton: Sensory Ecology and Physiology 1997.5
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)