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農学部 農学部門動植物資源生命科学領域 |
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Nishimura K., Hirabayashi H., Kawashima K., Okimura T., Suzuki A., Asakuma S., Isobe N., Obitsu T., Kushibiki S., Sugino T.
Journal of Dairy Science 108 ( 4 ) 4381 - 4389 2025年4月
担当区分：筆頭著者 記述言語：英語 掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌） 出版者・発行元：Journal of Dairy Science
Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) are rapidly utilized by the liver as an energy source. However, the effects of feeding MCFA to dairy cows during the transition period and the subsequent effect on postpartum performance is not clear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of MCFA supplementation on feed intake, rumen fermentation, blood profile, and milk production in dairy cows during their transition period. Twenty-one multiparity Holstein cows were randomly assigned to 2 dietary groups: one group received a diet supplemented with MCFA calcium salts (MCFA-Ca) from 3 wk relative to expected parturition to 5 wk postpartum (MCFA; n = 10), and the other group received the same diet without supplements (control; n = 11). Medium-chain fatty acid calcium salts containing 80% caprylic acid and 20% capric acid were added to the mixed diet at 1.5% DM. During the close-up period (from 3 wk relative to expected parturition until parturition), cows were fed a TMR with restricted intake to provide 100% of the metabolic energy requirement. Subsequently, the cows were fed a TMR ad libitum from parturition to 5 wk postpartum. Dry matter intake and BW did not differ throughout the experimental period between groups. Rumen fermentation and protozoa counts remained unaffected during the experimental period. Supplementation of MCFA had no effect on the plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids and total ketone bodies in cows throughout the experimental period. Conversely, postpartum plasma glucagon concentration was higher in the MCFA group than in the control group, and milk yield tended to increase in the MCFA group. In conclusion, our results suggested that MCFA-Ca supplementation enhances the catabolic state by affecting pancreatic hormone secretion, resulting in an increase in milk yield during the fresh period without an excessive negative energy balance in dairy cows.
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初産牛の乾乳期短縮が産乳と繁殖性に及ぼす影響 査読あり
大澤玲, 福井陽士, 榊原裕二, 慎鍋典義, 岩本智恵子, 高松英里奈, 佐沢公子, 森川繁, 秋好佑紀, 西村慶子, 三宅 歩, 佐藤 精, 高橋優希, 宮腰雄ー, 永墓訓明, 真貝拓三, 伊藤文彰, 野中最子, 田鎖直澄
家畜衛生学雑誌 49 ( 4 ) 189 - 198 2024年
記述言語：日本語 掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）
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Inabu Y., Kurosu K., Osawa R., Hasunuma T., Tsuji N., Funo H., Nishimura K., Kushibiki S., Kawashima K., Sugino T.
Journal of Dairy Science 106 ( 6 ) 4443 - 4453 2023年6月
記述言語：英語 掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌） 出版者・発行元：Journal of Dairy Science
Kraft pulp (KP), an intermediate product obtained when wood chips are converted to paper, contains highly digestible fiber. This study evaluated the effect of KP inclusion in calf starters on growth performance, health, and plasma glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) concentration in calves. Twenty-five Holstein heifer calves were raised on a high plane of nutrition program using milk replacer containing 29% crude protein and 18% fat until 49 d after birth, and were fed calf starters containing KP at 0 (CON; n = 14) or 12% (KPS; n = 11) on a dry matter basis. All calves were fed the treatment calf starters and timothy hay ad libitum. Blood was collected at 4, 14, 21, 35, 49, 70, and 91 d after birth. Dry matter intake (DMI) of milk replacer and hay was not affected by treatment, whereas calf starter DMI was lower for KPS (0.93 kg/d) than for CON (1.03 kg/d). Higher neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content in KPS (31.7%) than in the CON starter (22.1%) resulted in higher NDF intake for KPS (0.55 kg/d) than for CON (0.47 kg/d). However, the consumption of starch was lower for KPS (0.29 kg/d) than for CON (0.33 kg/d). Despite the lower starter intake for KPS, body weight and average daily gain did not differ between treatments. No significant difference was observed in the plasma concentrations of metabolites, except for β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB); BHB concentration was lower for KPS (216 μmol/L) than for CON (257 μmol/L). The area under the curve for plasma GLP-2 concentration was higher for KPS (54.1 ng/mL × d) than for CON (36.0 ng/mL × d). Additionally, the fecal score postweaning (1.19 and 1.48 for KPS and CON, respectively) and the number of days that calves developed diarrhea throughout the experimental period (2.50 d and 8.10 d for KPS and CON, respectively) were lower for KPS than for CON. These results indicate that feeding KP reduces the severity and frequency of diarrhea without adversely affecting growth performance. This could be attributed to the increased plasma GLP-2 concentration induced by higher NDF intake.
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Maeda Y., Nishimura K., Terada F., Kushibiki S.
Animal Science Journal 94 ( 1 ) 2023年1月
記述言語：英語 掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌） 出版者・発行元：Animal Science Journal
The objective of this study was to develop models for predicting the amount of feces and urine excreted by Japanese Black fattening steer using a dataset of 119 digestion trials for a total of 46 animals. Correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationships between feces and urine excretion and feed intake, feed digestibility, and nitrogen balance. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to develop models for predicting the amount of feces and urine excreted using the explanatory variables selected from various animal and dietary parameters based on P-value (<0.10) and variance inflation factor (<3.0). Resultingly, dry matter intake was a primary predictor of feces excreted. The prediction equation for the amount of feces excretion as a function of body weight, dry matter intake, and calculated total digestible nutrients fits the data well (adjusted coefficient of determination [adj R<sup>2</sup>] = 0.519, root mean square error = 1.57). Furthermore, the nitrogen content in the urine was the primary predictor of the urine excretion amount. Thus, the prediction equation for the amount of urine excreted using the nitrogen content in urine yielded a highly accurate model (adj R<sup>2</sup> = 0.813, root mean square error = 4.12).
DOI： 10.1111/asj.13874
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Tan K., Nishimura K., Umeda K., Yamada K., Ikuta K., Shingu H., Kushibiki S.
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 85 ( 8 ) 813 - 819 2023年
担当区分：責任著者 記述言語：英語 掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌） 出版者・発行元：Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
This study was performed to examine the effects of anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli chicken egg Yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) provided to calves for 7 weeks during the pre-and post-weaning periods on rumen LPS activity, plasma acute phase protein (APP) concentrations, and metabolic parameters. A total of 30 Holstein calves were randomly assigned to two groups of 15 each: an IgY group fed Anti-E. coli LPS IgY, and a control group fed whole egg powder as a placebo. The study was conducted on calves aged 3–10 weeks, weaned at 7 weeks. The ruminal LPS activity of the IgY group was approximately 60% lower than the control group at 10 weeks of age. Plasma APP and cytokine concentrations in the IgY group did not differ from those in the control group. The daily weight gain in the IgY group was significantly higher than the control group for the whole experimental period. Plasma albumin/globulin was lower (P<0.05), and plasma aspartate transferase concentration was higher (P<0.05) in the IgY group than in the control group during the experimental period. In conclusion, feeding Anti-E. coli LPS IgY for 7 weeks pre-and post-weaning remarkably reduced the rumen LPS activity and improved the daily weight gain. The impact of Anti-E. coli LPS IgY on LPS activities in the lower gastrointestinal tract, and elucidation as to the mechanism responsible for the improvement in daily weight gain require further investigation.
DOI： 10.1292/jvms.23-0145