Papers - AKASHI Ryo
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Rahman M.M., Mat K., Ishigaki G., Akashi R.
Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho 92 ( 1 ) 2021.12
Language:Japanese Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho
Year by year, huge quantities of by-products are generated during the manufacturing process of soybean-based products. Okara is one of the by-products, and it is an insoluble portion of the soybean. It consists of high moisture (8.4-22.9%); on dry matter basis, it contains high metabolizable energy (9.0-14.2 MJ/kg) and other components that include crude protein (20.9-39.1%), crude fiber (12.2-61.3%), crude fat (4.9-21.5%), and ash (3.4-5.3%). Fermentation of okara improves its nutritional quality and reduces its anti-nutrient contents. Due to animals' palatability, okara can be used to replace the soybean meal/concentrate feed partially or completely in ruminant's diet and partially in nonruminant's diet. Okara feeding does not depress the intake, digestibility, growth, milk production, blood metabolic profiles, and meat quality of animals. However, this by-product decays quickly due to its high moisture content, and its heavy weight and sticky nature make it difficult to process and expensive to dry using conventional methods. This paper thoroughly summarizes the utilization of okara as animal feed in the cause of developing a general guideline with favorable levels of inclusion in the diets of animals for its exploitation and valorization. This review will encourage further research to develop eco-friendly and value added feed for animals.
DOI: 10.1111/asj.13594
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Varietal differences in flavonoid and antioxidant activity in Japanese soybean accessions Reviewed
Arifin H.A., Hashiguchi T., Nagahama K., Hashiguchi M., Muguerza M., Sakakibara Y., Tanaka H., Akashi R.
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 85 ( 4 ) 916 - 922 2021.3
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry
Soybean seeds contain many antioxidants, including flavonoids and other phytochemicals. Isoflavone is a phytoestrogen that mimics estrogenic effects on target tissues and also exerts antioxidant activity by sequestering free radicals. Despite many cultivars developed to date, varietal differences in flavonoid content and antioxidant activity in Japanese soybean accessions remain less well characterized. Here, we evaluated the seed content of isoflavones, total flavonoids, and total phenolics in 26 soybean accessions. Next, the antioxidant activity of each accession was examined using antioxidant responsive element (ARE) linked to a luciferase reporter in human HepG2 stable cells. The relative ARE luciferase activity rate of all soybean accessions varied up to 4-fold which ranged from 1.00 to 4.02; and 22 accessions exhibited significant antioxidant activities. Correlation analysis indicated that the level of total isoflavone moderately correlated with antioxidant activity.
DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa104
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Quantitative analysis of seven plant hormones in Lotus japonicus using standard addition method Reviewed
Hashiguchi T., Hashiguchi M., Tanaka H., Fukushima K., Gondo T., Akashi R.
PLoS ONE 16 ( 2 February ) 2021.2
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:PLoS ONE
Plant hormones have been identified to be versatile signaling molecules essential for plant growth, development, and stress response. Their content levels vary depending on the species, and they also change in response to any external stimuli. Thus, simultaneous quantification of multiple plant hormones is required to understand plant physiology. Sensitive and quantitative analysis using liquid chromatography-linked mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been used in detecting plant hormones; however, quantification without stable isotopes is yet to be established. In this study, we quantified seven representative plant hormones of Lotus japonicus, which is a model legume for standard addition method. Accurate masses for monoisotopic ions of seven phytohormones were determined for high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). Selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode based on accurate masses was used in detecting phytohormones in the roots, stems, and leaves. Evaluation of matrix effects showed ion suppression ranging from 10.2% to 87.3%. Both stable isotope dilution and standard addition methods were able to detect plant hormones in the roots, stems, and leaves, with no significant differences in using both approaches and thus a standard addition method can be used to quantify phytohormones in L. japonicus. The method will be effective, especially when stable isotopes are not available to correct for matrix effects.
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Chotekajorn A., Hashiguchi T., Hashiguchi M., Tanaka H., Akashi R.
Plant Genetic Resources: Characterisation and Utilisation 19 ( 1 ) 35 - 43 2021.2
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Plant Genetic Resources: Characterisation and Utilisation
Wild soybean (Glycine soja) is a valuable genetic resource for soybean improvement. Seed composition profiles provide beneficial information for the effective conservation and utilization of wild soybeans. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the variation in free amino acid abundance in the seeds of wild soybean germplasm collected in Japan. The free amino acid content in the seeds from 316 accessions of wild soybean ranged from 0.965 to 5.987 mg/g seed dry weight (DW), representing a 6.2-fold difference. Three amino acids had the highest coefficient of variation (CV): Asparagine (1.15), histidine (0.95) and glutamine (0.94). Arginine (0.775 mg/g DW) was the predominant amino acid in wild soybean seeds, whereas the least abundant seed amino acid was glutamine (0.008 mg/g DW). A correlation network revealed significant positive relationships among most amino acids. Wild soybean seeds from different regions of origin had significantly different levels of several amino acids. In addition, a significant correlation between latitude and longitude of the collection sites and the total free amino acid content of seeds was observed. Our study reports diverse phenotypic data on the free amino acid content in seeds of wild soybean resources collected from throughout Japan. This information will be useful in conservation programmes for Japanese wild soybean and for the selection of accessions with favourable characteristics in future legume crop improvement efforts.
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Kajiya-Kanegae H., Nagasaki H., Kaga A., Hirano K., Ogiso-Tanaka E., Matsuoka M., Ishimori M., Ishimoto M., Hashiguchi M., Tanaka H., Akashi R., Isobe S., Iwata H.
DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes 28 ( 1 ) 2021.1
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes
We performed whole-genome Illumina resequencing of 198 accessions to examine the genetic diversity and facilitate the use of soybean genetic resources and identified 10 million single nucleotide polymorphisms and 2.8 million small indels. Furthermore, PacBio resequencing of 10 accessions was performed, and a total of 2,033 structure variants were identified. Genetic diversity and structure analysis congregated the 198 accessions into three subgroups (Primitive, World, and Japan) and showed the possibility of a long and relatively isolated history of cultivated soybean in Japan. Additionally, the skewed regional distribution of variants in the genome, such as higher structural variations on the R gene clusters in the Japan group, suggested the possibility of selective sweeps during domestication or breeding. A genome-wide association study identified both known and novel causal variants on the genes controlling the flowering period. Novel candidate causal variants were also found on genes related to the seed coat colour by aligning together with Illumina and PacBio reads. The genomic sequences and variants obtained in this study have immense potential to provide information for soybean breeding and genetic studies that may uncover novel alleles or genes involved in agronomically important traits.
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Kusaba I., Nakao T., Maita H., Sato S., Chijiiwa R., Yamada E., Arima S., Kojoma M., Ishimaru K., Akashi R., Suzuki A.
Plant Biotechnology 38 ( 1 ) 57 - 66 2021
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Plant Biotechnology
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) is a medicinal plant that contains glycyrrhizin (GL), which has various pharmacological activities. Because licorice is a legume, it can establish a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria. However, the effect of this symbiosis on GL production is unknown. Rhizobia were isolated from root nodules of Glycyrrhiza glabra, and a rhizobium that can form root nodules in G. uralensis was selected. Whole-genome analysis revealed a single circular chromosome of 6.7 Mbp. This rhizobium was classified as Mesorhizobium by phylogenetic analysis and was designated Mesorhizobium sp. J8. When G. uralensis plants grown from cuttings were inoculated with J8, root nodules formed. Shoot biomass and SPAD values of inoculated plants were significantly higher than those of uninoculated controls, and the GL content of the roots was 3.2 times that of controls. Because uninoculated plants from cuttings showed slight nodule formation, we grew plants from seeds in plant boxes filled with sterilized vermiculite, inoculated half of the seedlings with J8, and grew them with or without 100 µM KNO3. The SPAD values of inoculated plants were significantly higher than those of uninoculated plants. Furthermore, the expression level of the CYP88D6 gene, which is a marker of GL synthesis, was 2.5 times higher than in inoculated plants. These results indicate that rhizobial symbiosis promotes both biomass and GL production in G. uralensis.
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Effects of silicate fertilizer on growth and silicic acid accumulation in turfgrass Reviewed
Inoue T., Hashiguchi M., Koga K., Muguerza M., Tanaka H., Akashi R.
Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 20 ( 2 ) 324 - 331 2021
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Asian Journal of Plant Sciences
Background and Objective: Silicon is a globally important soil nutrient to crops for productivity and alleviates the effects of environmental stress in higher plants, including turfgrass. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of silicate fertilizer in two turfgrass species, Zoysia matrella ‘Wakaba’ and creeping bentgrass, Agrostis stolonifera ‘Nightlife’, in terms of plant growth, coverage rate, silicic acid content in shoots and roots and root elongation and growth in both turfgrasses. Materials and Methods: The Z. matrella and creeping bentgrass were cultured under SiO2 treatments (0, 500 and 1,000 g mG2). Plant height, number of shoots, stolon length and coverage were investigated in Z. matrella. In addition, dry matter weight and silicic acid content of shoots, stolons and roots were analyzed in Z. matrella and the same was done in creeping bentgrass except stolons. Results: Silicate treatments tended to increase plant growth, coverage rate, dry matter weight and shoot silicon content in Z. matrella and increased silicon content of shoots and roots in creeping bentgrass. Conclusion: Higher silicic acid content in the shoots than in roots of Z. matrella and creeping bentgrass confirms that they are both silicon-accumulating species. Moreover, the content of silicic acid in Z. matrella increased in the order of roots, stolons and shoots which suggests the existence of a gradual silicic acid transport mechanism in Zoysia species.
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Prasojo Y.S., Ishigaki G., Hashiguchi M., Akashi R.
Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 20 ( 2 ) 256 - 262 2021
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Asian Journal of Plant Sciences
Background and Objective: The dry matter yield, fiber content, crude protein content and crude protein yield should depend on the cutting stage of each different soybean cultivars. This study aimed to clarify the effect of different growth stages on biomass weight and forage quality of different growth type soybean (Glycine max) in temperate low warm region, Japan. Materials and Methods: Determinate growth (DET) soybeans (Fukuyutaka, Norin 2), Indeterminate growth (IND) soybeans (Moshidou Gong 503, Williams 82) and an unknown growing type soybean (Kohamadaizu) were sowed in the beginning of June 2019 and harvested at three stages (R1, beginning of flowering stage, R2, full flowering stage, R5, beginning of seed development). The study was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results: Fukuyutaka, Kohamadaizu and Norin 2 were reached flowering stage later than Moshidou Gong 503 and Williams 82. Longer time for growth stages of Fukuyutaka, Kohamadaizu and Norin 2 was resulting in high plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, number of leaves and dry matter weight. The amount of fiber content (ADF and NDF) was decreasing as stages developed for Fukuyutaka, Kohamadaizu and Norin 2. In another hand, fiber content of Moshidou Gong 503 and Williams 82 was increased as stages increasing. The CP weight was increased as advancing growth stages for all cultivars. Conclusion: Fukuyutaka and Kohamadaizu could be suitable in the utilization of soybean forage for feed livestock in the temperate low warm region in Japan.
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Extreme genetic signatures of local adaptation during Lotus japonicus colonization of Japan Reviewed
Shah N., Wakabayashi T., Kawamura Y., Skovbjerg C.K., Wang M.Z., Mustamin Y., Isomura Y., Gupta V., Jin H., Mun T., Sandal N., Azuma F., Fukai E., Seren Ü., Kusakabe S., Kikuchi Y., Nitanda S., Kumaki T., Hashiguchi M., Tanaka H., Hayashi A., Sønderkær M., Nielsen K.L., Schneeberger K., Vilhjalmsson B., Akashi R., Stougaard J., Sato S., Schierup M.H., Andersen S.U.
Nature Communications 11 ( 1 ) 2020.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Nature Communications
© 2020, The Author(s). Colonization of new habitats is expected to require genetic adaptations to overcome environmental challenges. Here, we use full genome re-sequencing and extensive common garden experiments to investigate demographic and selective processes associated with colonization of Japan by Lotus japonicus over the past ~20,000 years. Based on patterns of genomic variation, we infer the details of the colonization process where L. japonicus gradually spread from subtropical conditions to much colder climates in northern Japan. We identify genomic regions with extreme genetic differentiation between northern and southern subpopulations and perform population structure-corrected association mapping of phenotypic traits measured in a common garden. Comparing the results of these analyses, we find that signatures of extreme subpopulation differentiation overlap strongly with phenotype association signals for overwintering and flowering time traits. Our results provide evidence that these traits were direct targets of selection during colonization and point to associated candidate genes.
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Replacement of soybean meal with levels of inclusion of soya waste in the diet of growing goats Reviewed
Rahman M.M., Abdullah R.B., Mat K.B., Ishigaki G., Nor M.M., Akashi R.
Tropical Animal Health and Production 52 ( 6 ) 3085 - 3090 2020.11
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Tropical Animal Health and Production
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of replacing soybean meal with soya waste at different levels on intake, digestibility and growth in goats. Eighteen male goat kids with initial body weight (BW) of 13.0 kg were distributed equally to three dietary groups. They were fed Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and concentrate mixture, and each goat was assigned to an individual pen. Soybean meal in the concentrate mixture was replaced with soya waste at 0% (T1), 50% (T2) and 100% (T3) levels in respective dietary groups. These diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Results showed that animals fed T3 diet exhibited higher Napier grass intake than those fed T1 or T2 diet. There was no influence on total intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), metabolic BW, per cent BW and metabolisable energy by the dietary groups. However, there was an increasing trend on intake and digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) with increasing levels of soya waste in the diets. Animals fed T3 diet showed higher intake and digestibility of NDF than those fed T1 diet. There was no influence of the dietary groups on digestibilities of DM, OM and CP. Similarly, there was no effect of them on the final BW, total BW gain, daily BW gain, feed conversion ratio and feed cost. Soya waste can replace 100% soybean meal in diets for growing goats, because no change was observed in nutrient intake, digestibility and growth performance; inclusion of soya waste enhanced the intake and digestibility of NDF.
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Comparative analysis of seed proteome of Glycine max and Glycine soja Reviewed
Hashiguchi T., Hashiguchi M., Tanaka H., Gondo T., Akashi R.
Crop Science 60 ( 3 ) 1530 - 1540 2020.5
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Crop Science
Soybean, a globally important grain legume, contains large amounts of proteins, lipids, and secondary metabolites and, when ingested, has a wide array of physiological functions that may improve human health. In the development of cultivated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] with improved abiotic and biotic stress resistance, high yield, and seed quality, wild soybean (Glycine soja Siebold & Zucc.) has been an excellent source of germplasm, owing to its genetic diversity. Although genomic differences between the two species have been intensively studied, the differences in seed protein expression remain poorly understood. In the present study, we used a shotgun proteomic comparative analysis approach to further characterize the seed proteome in cultivated and wild soybean. Protamine sulfate-mediated precipitation successfully decreased the levels of two major proteins that had previously masked the detection of low-abundant proteins. We identified 65 differentially expressed proteins between the two species, with 39 proteins expressed more highly in G. soja and 26 proteins expressed more highly in G. max. Among these proteins, various stress tolerance-related proteins were found in wild soybean, perhaps reflecting its adaptation to diverse ecological conditions. Cultivated soybean expressed high levels of sucrose and lipid biosynthesis proteins, and this was also confirmed at the transcriptional level. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that cellular and metabolic process was the functional category most frequently linked to the differentially expressed proteins. These data provide valuable information that will contribute to a better understanding of soybean seed biology and help to promote G. max breeding for improved agronomic traits using wild relatives.
DOI: 10.1002/csc2.20131
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Puspasari R., Hashiguchi M., Ushio R., Ishigaki G., Tanaka H., Akashi R.
Plant and Soil 446 ( 1-2 ) 613 - 625 2020.1
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Plant and Soil
© 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Aim: “Super-Root” (SR) is a fast-growing root culture established in the legume forage species Lotus corniculatus that displays vigorous growth and high embryogenic capacity, uniquely allowing for continuous root cloning, direct somatic embryogenesis, and mass regeneration of plants under hormone-free culture conditions. This study’s primary aim was to verify the possibility of introducing the SR trait to another legume species as a means of enhancing root traits. Our previous research produced a F1-generation hybrid between the colchicine-doubled form of the diploid Lotus japonicus ‘Miyakojima’ MG-20 and SR-derived Lotus corniculatus. The current study’s focus was to evaluate the root phenotype of the F2-generation to confirm the introduction of SR characteristics to Lotus japonicus. Methods: We assessed 242 rooted F2-hybrid progeny using cluster analysis, concentrating on four morphological root traits: root fresh weight, total root length, maximum root length, and root diameter. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to determine the correlations among eight traits of the F2-progeny of the WinRhizo root morphological measurement data and to identify what traits contributed most to their root variation. Results: The 242-hybrid progeny and both parents were grouped into eight different clusters using a similarity phenogram. One cluster consisted of lines 36, 82, 86 and 184 that considerably exceeded the RFW, TRL, and MRL values of the L. japonicus and SR parents. Conclusion: The results confirmed the introduction of SR traits to the F2-hybrid progeny and identified potential candidates for breeding and gene isolation that will be conducted to expand the scope of this research.
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Oxalate and silica contents of seven varieties of napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) Reviewed
Rahman M.M., Norshazwani M.S., Gondo T., Maryana M.N., Akashi R.
South African Journal of Animal Sciences 50 ( 3 ) 397 - 402 2020
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:South African Journal of Animal Sciences
Oxalate and silica are considered antinutrients. Large quantities of oxalate and silica in plants can interfere with the uptake of essential minerals in ruminants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the total silica and oxalate contents of seven varieties of Napier grass to find out which is best for cultivation. Taiwan, Zanzibar, Pakchong, Purple, Kobe, Indian, and Dwarf Napier grass were grown in a completely randomized design with three replications to determine their soluble oxalate, total oxalate, and silica contents. Plants were harvested at two months of plant maturity. Whole plant of the Dwarf Napier grass contained significantly higher soluble oxalate content than tall varieties. Total oxalate content in whole plant differed significantly among varieties. Dwarf showed the highest total oxalate content (3.23% dry matter (DM)) followed by Kobe (2.61%), Zanzibar (2.60%), Purple (2.44%), Taiwan (2.43%), Indian (2.15%), and Pakchong (1.95%). Regardless of variety, leaf tissue contained significantly higher soluble oxalate and total oxalate than stem tissue. There were no differences in silica content among them. In conclusion, the tall varieties could produce lower levels of soluble oxalate than the Dwarf variety, whereas silica content might not vary among them.
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Rahman M.M., Ismail S.N.B., Mat K., Gondo T., Nor M.M., Akashi R.
Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 43 ( 4 ) 609 - 619 2020
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science
The beneficial effects of feeding rabbits with forages have been recommended. However, limited study has been made on feeding values of locally available forages in rabbits. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Asyastasia gangetica and Brachiaria decunbens on intake, digestibility, and growth performance of rabbits. Twelve rabbits were distributed into three diets: (i) 100% commercial pellet as control (T1), (ii) 50% pellet plus Asyastasia gangetica ad libitum (T2), and (iii) 50% pellet plus Brachiaria decumbens ad libitum (T3). Daily feed intake, nutrient digestibility, weekly body weight, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. Intakes of total dry matter (DM) (121.2-134.3 g/d) and organic matter (OM) (115.1-132.5 g/d) were similar (p>0.05) for all the groups. The crude protein (CP) intake of rabbits fed with T1 (10.1 g/d) and T3 (9.6 g/d) diets was similar (p>0.05), but lower (p<0.05) than T2 (14.1 g/d) diet. Ether extract intake of rabbits fed with T2 (2.9 g/d) and T3 (3.9 g/d) diets was similar (p>0.05), but lower (p<0.05) than T1 (5.1 g/d) diet. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) intake was higher (p<0.05) for rabbits fed with T3 (55.8 g/d) diet followed by T2 (41.7 g/d) and T1 (31.7 g/d) diets. There were no differences (p>0.05) on the digestibilities of DM, OM, and CP among treatments. Total weight gain and daily weight gain were higher (p<0.05) for rabbits fed with T1 (568 and 11.0 g) and T2 (468 and 9.0 g) diets than T3 (155 and 3.3 g) diet, respectively. The lowest FCR was obtained with T1 (12.3) and T2 (13.9) diets, whereas the highest was obtained with T3 (30.3) diet. In conclusion, diet containing Asyastasia gangetica showed more benefits in terms of CP and NDF intakes, weight gain and FCR than the diet containing Brachiaria decumbens. A combination of concentrate and Asyastasia gangetica is recommended as a partial replacement for concentrate in rabbit production.
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Arifin A., Gondo T., Akashi R.
Plant Biotechnology 36 ( 4 ) 233 - 240 2019.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Plant Biotechnology
© 2019 The Japanese Society for Plant Cell and Molecular Biology. The application of useful genes from model plants to crops is an important step to verify its agricultural usefulness. SYNC1, an asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase gene, was previously identified through the Full-length cDNA Over-eXpressor gene (FOX gene-hunting system) of Arabidopsis cDNA by using super-growing root (SR) culture of Lotus corniculatus, and was suggested to have a potential in increasing some amino acid contents and plant biomass. To identify the functionality of SYNC1 gene in a typical legume crop soybean, the effects of its overexpression in transgenic plants to agricultural traits and free amino acid contents were evaluated. The transgenic soybean plants were produced from infected half-seed explants of 1 day old seedlings with the suspension of Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring expression vector pB7WG2D-SYNC1. The transgenic plants that overexpressed SYNC1 gene had increased asparagine and lysine contents in matured seeds, and increased aspartate, lysine, alanine and histidine contents in germinated seeds. The changes in those free amino acid contents affected plant morphology and led to significant increase in plant length, number of branches and number of branch nodes as yield components of soybean. The transgenic plants also showed a tendency of higher number of pods, seeds and total seed weight per plant. These results showed that the overexpression of SYNC1 gene contributes on the increase of plant free amino acid contents and biomass, and this approach is expected to be applicable in other legumes, grain and forage crops.
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Prasojo Y., Ishigaki G., Fukuyama K., Akashi R.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 387 ( 1 ) 2019.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. Tropical grasses mainly utilized in southwestern Japan exhibited that the dry matter yield is increased as the growth stage. However, the nutritive value, such as crude protein (CP) and non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) decreased strikingly. Therefore, breeding for the new grass or crops with high potential as protein source is an urgent problem. The aim of the study were to investigate the dry matter yield of two soybean cultivars ('Miyakonojo' and 'Williams82') with Rhodes grass as living mulch plant after 1st cutting and to investigate the nutritive value of the silage. The growth of the Rhodes grass hampered the growth of soybean at the initial and the subsequent growth stages. Hence, the dry matter yield of soybean ranged from 9.8 kg/10a to 26.6 kg/10a, correspond to about 3 to 10% of total dry matter yield. The nutritive value of EE, CA and CP in Rhodes grass with soybean silage higher than those of Rhodes grass silage. These results suggest that the addition of soybean biomass could be useful for increasing the nutrition value of silage. Moreover, it is necessary to choose an appropriate sowing date to increase dry matter yield of soybean biomass in southwestern of Japan.
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Rahman M., Syafieqa N., Mohd Diah N., Gondo T., Khalif R., Akashi R.
Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 7 ( 5 ) 538 - 543 2019.10
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales
© 2019. Growth characteristics, biomass yield and mineral concentrations were evaluated in a completely randomized design study of 7 Napier grass varieties. Data on tiller number per plant, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, leaf:stem ratio and dry matter (DM) yield, as well as concentrations of nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, zinc, copper, manganese and iron, were obtained at 2 months growth. The growth characteristics, DM yields and mineral concentrations (except phosphorus) varied significantly (P<0.01) among varieties. The variety Indian was tallest (221 cm) and produced the highest DM yield (6.3 t/ha), whereas Dwarf had the highest tiller number and leaf:stem ratio. Purple had the longest and Taiwan and Indian the widest leaves. Kobe, Pakchong and Purple had the greatest stem diameter. Concentrations of Ca, K and Na were greatest in Zanzibar, while Dwarf had the highest concentrations of N, Zn, Mn and Fe. Studies beyond the establishment phase over a range of seasons and in a range of environments at different ages of harvest are needed to confirm the merits of different Napier grass varieties in the study zone.
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ISHIGAKI Genki, PRASOJO Yogi Sidik, NITTHAISONG Pattama, FUKUYAMA Kiichi, AKASHI Ryo
日本暖地畜産学会報 62 ( 1 ) 25 - 30 2019.7
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:日本暖地畜産学会
This study demonstrates the evaluation of the drying rate of different plant parts (leaf blade and stem) under the artificial-drying and the drying rate in whole plants under the sun-drying process using the newly-bred tetraploid ruzigrass (<i>Urochloa ruziziensis</i>: TR) and rhodesgrass (<i>Chloris gayana</i>: CG). For morphological traits, TR had significantly thicker stems, wider leaf blades, and shorter leaf blades compared to CG (<i>P</i> <<i> </i>0.001). Both grass species exhibited a greater stem diameter (<i>P</i> <<i> </i>0.05), leaf blade width (<i>P</i> <<i> </i>0.001) and leaf blade length (<i>P</i> <<i> </i>0.001) after 2nd cutting compared to the 1st cutting. CG showed a higher rate of leaf parts than TR in the 1st and 2nd cutting, though the differences were not significant. The stem part of both grasses took longer to dry than the leaf part in the 1st and 2nd cutting. Addionally, the differences between TR and CG in the stem parts are smaller than that of the leaf parts. Coefficient analyses revealed that the thinner and longer leaf part, the quicker the drying rate. Additionally, the drying rate was not influenced by fresh matter yield or the ratio of leaf parts but by the temperature in the daytime.
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Nitthaisong P., Ishigaki G., Suenaga K., Muguerza M., Tanaka H., Akashi R.
Crop Science 59 ( 4 ) 1648 - 1656 2019.7
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Crop Science
© 2019 The Author(s). Urochloa species are a rich source of quality forage in the tropical and subtropical areas, and cultivated species are predominantly facultative apomictic. They are well adapted to poor soil conditions, resistant to heavy grazing, and drought tolerant, but some Urochloa species produce poor pasture and seed yield. Therefore, it is important to complement and to combine characteristics of different species in breeding programs. We have conducted interspecific crosses between diploid U. ruziziensis (R. Germ. & C. M. Evrard) Crins ‘Kennedy’ (2n = 2x = 18) with apomictic tetraploids U. decumbens (Stapf) R. D. Webster ‘Basilisk’ (2n = 4x = 36) and U. brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. D. Webster ‘Marandu’ (2n = 4x = 36). Diploid, triploid, and tetraploid plants were obtained from these crosses. The triploid plants were further crossed with ‘Basilisk’ to produce a BC1F1 generation. Although no seeds were produced by self-pollination of the F1 triploid hybrids, backcrossing eventually produced triploid, tetraploid, and pentaploid plants (BC1F1). Only the pentaploid plants produced seeds by self-pollination. This is the first report of the production of apomictic pentaploid progenies from interspecific crosses in Urochloa.
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Turf quality trait and genetic fingerprinting of a new zoysiagrass cultivar in Japan Turf quality trait and genetic fingerprinting of a new zoysiagrass cultivar in Japan
Pattamavadee Kunwanlee, Hidenori Tanaka, Takayasu Inoue, Masatsugu Hashiguchi, Melody Muguerza, Ryo Akashi
Journal of Japanese Society of Turfgrass Science 47 ( 1 ) 15 - 24 2018.10
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)