Papers - TOKUNAGA Tadaaki
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Handheld Pig-Weight Estimation Using an RGB-D Sensor Reviewed
Win K.D., Kawasue K., Tokunaga T., Iki Y.
Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 1322 LNEE 95 - 103 2025.2
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
Although mechanical weighing machines specialized for pigs are normally used to measure animal weights on pig farms, guiding those animals onto the weighing machines is a difficult and unpleasant chore that normally takes 20 seconds to complete after the pig is positioned on the load cell. Additionally, pig weighing machines are prone to mechanical breakdowns and are unpleasant to repair because of the farm residue they collect. Therefore, the development of a more practical and robust weight measurement apparatus is desired. In the present paper, we report on a handheld weight estimation device using a red-green-blue-depth (RGB-D) sensor with a laser slit system. An RGB-D sensor system is used to estimate pig weights, and the laser slit is used to align the measurement direction of the RGB-D sensor along the pig’s body. In operation, this system captures a depth image of the pig under examination and then uses it to create three-dimensional (3D) data. The 3D body parameters are extracted using image processing, and those extracted 3D body parameters for the pig are then fed into a random forest algorithm to produce the weight estimation. We also report on experimental results that demonstrate the reliability of our pig weight estimation system and its suitability for practical use.
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Robust pig extraction using ground base depth images for automatic weight estimation Reviewed
Win K.D., Kawasue K., Tokunaga T.
Artificial Life and Robotics 30 ( 1 ) 42 - 50 2025.1
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Artificial Life and Robotics
Dark colored pigs (Berkshire, Duroc, etc.) are widely recognized nationwide in Japan for their exceptional taste, with the southern Kyushu region being a renowned production area for these esteemed breeds. However, estimating the weight of these pigs using a camera presents a unique challenge. The key process in a camera-based weight estimation system is the precise extraction of the target pig from the background. Typically, cameras capture images from above, as the top-view images provide the most specific growth indicators. However, the image from above contains a ground image. Since Berkshire and Duroc pigs are black and red, respectively, they blend into the ground, making it difficult to accurately segment the pigs in the images. Thus, it is crucial to perfectly distinguish between the ground and the pigs. Therefore, a new extraction method is proposed to distinguish between the ground and pigs by converting depth data based on the pig's position. To enhance the efficiency of pig farming and alleviate the burden on workers, our goal is to develop a system that automatically measures the weight of Berkshire pigs for shipment without background interference. In this study, we installed the system at a Berkshire pig farm and demonstrated the effectiveness of this innovative extraction method for camera-based weight estimation.
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The efficacy of crossbreeding on reproductive and productive performance in New Zealand White and Flemish Giant rabbits Reviewed International coauthorship
Lydia Masara, Fortune Jomane, Sizo Moyo, Jessica Pullen, Reagan Mudziwapasi, Chiedza Mgumba, Samkeliso Moyo, Tadaaki Tokunaga, Alban Mugoti
Bulgarian Journal of Animal Husbandry 61 ( 5 ) 18 - 24 2024.10
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
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地域飼料資源を主体とした発酵TMR給与による黒毛和種経産老廃牛の肥育試験 Reviewed
松浦千聖，大野篤太，山野勇朔，徳永忠昭，田尻優生，木村 萌，高橋俊浩，小林郁雄，川島知之
肉用牛研究会報 ( 114 ) 5 - 13 2023.1
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
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Metabolic Profils and Their Correlation with Carcass Traits in Japanese Black Steers under Progeny Testing Reviewed International coauthorship
Tadaaki TOKUNAGA, Fortune Ntengwa JOMANE, Toshihiro TAKAHASHI, Hiromu KATAMOTO, Ikuo KOBAYASHI, Kenichi YOSHIMUTA, Ryuji OKUNO and Takafumi ISHIDA
日本暖畜産学会報 64 ( 2 ) 89 - 95 2021.9
Authorship：Lead author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
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Diversity of the Tellurite Resistance Gene Operon in <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Reviewed
Nguyen TTH, Kikuchi T, Tokunaga T, Iyoda S, Iguchi A
Frontiers in microbiology 12 681175 2021.5
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
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Tokunaga T., Jomane F.N., Mandai S., Ishida T., Hirooka H.
Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho 92 ( 1 ) e13533 2021.1
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho
The objective of this study was to develop mathematical equations for describing the change in marbling in Japanese Black steers using longitudinal measurements. Serial ultrasound measurements were taken at 14, 16, 20, and 26 months of age and analyzed using an image analysis software. The longitudinal marbling measurements from the ultrasound images and carcasses were fitted into a nonlinear logistic curve. Data used for the analysis consisted of 749 steers that converged in nonlinear curve fitting and showed reasonable estimated parameters of the logistic curves. The average predicted mature beef marbling score (BMS) and maturation rate were 6.26 and 0.353, respectively, and the average maturity levels at 24 months of age were 83.9%. The heritability estimates for the predicted maturity traits were moderate, indicating that these traits may have potential for genetic improvement. There was a negative relationship between the expected progeny differences between carcass BMS and maturity traits, suggesting that genetic improvement by carcass BMS may lead to the selection of bulls with late maturity for marbling. The results indicate that ultrasound and model building for marbling can be useful tools to correctly select candidate bulls with high marbling in the early fattening period.
DOI： 10.1111/asj.13533
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Crowing characteristics of native singing chicken breeds in Indonesia Reviewed
Bugiwati S.R.A., Dagong M.I.A., Tokunaga T.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 492 ( 1 ) 2020.6
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. Singing chicken is germplasm, genetic resources, indigenous chicken in Indonesia and be known of their unique, exclusive, superiority of singing style with long-melodious rhythm, and different crowing style-tone-tempo comparing with other singing chickens breeds in the world. Some crowing character information was needed to optimize conservation and utilization strategies. The aim of the study was to compare crowing duration and number crowing syllables four singing chicken breeds in Indonesia (Bekisar, Kokok Balenggek, Pelung and Gaga'). This research used 532 birds Gaga' chicken from Sidrap, Barru and Maros Districts, South-Sulawesi province, Indonesia. They were separated based on crowing speed into Slow-group (234 birds) and Dangdut-group (298 birds). Then, Dangdut-group has separated again, based on total number crowing syllables, into Long-Dangdut-type (51 birds) and Short-Dangdut-type (247 birds). All crowing sounds were recorded and computerizing digitalized using Cool Edit Pro. Software to visualized bioacoustic character as a wave form then data interpreting for analyzing mean and standard deviation. Average crowing durations of Pelung, Kokok Balenggek, Bekisar and Gaga' chicken (Short-Dangdut-type and Slow-group) were 2.0 to 10.0 sec. Dangdut-Long-type was the longest crowing duration (30.5 sec) and the highest number syllables (140.92). Average number syllables of Pelung (3 sec), Kokok Balenggek (3 to 12 sec) and Bekisar (2 sec) chicken were less than Gaga' chicken (Dangdut-Long-type: 140.9 sec, Dangdut-Short-type: 20.9 sec and Slow group: 8.2 sec). Each singing chicken breed in Indonesia have uniqueness and differences crowing character. A crowing character such as crowing duration and number of syllable could be identified as one of basic selection to promote and to maintain conservation of singing chicken as germplasm of Indonesia.
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Nakanishi T., Tokunaga T., Ishida T., Kobayashi I., Katahama Y., Yano A., Erickson L. and Kawahara S.
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 32 ( 4 ) 592 - 598 2019.4
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
Copyright © 2019 by Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. Objective: Autophagy is a bulk degradation system for intracellular proteins which contributes to skeletal muscle homeostasis, according to previous studies in humans and rodents. However, there is a lack of information on the physiological role of autophagy in the skeletal muscle of meat animals. This study was planned as a pilot study to investigate changes in expression of two major autophagy-related genes, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3β (MAP1LC3B) and autophagy related 7 (ATG7) in fattening beef cattle, and to compare them with skeletal muscle growth. Methods: Six castrated Japanese Black cattle (initial body weight: 503±20 kg) were enrolled in this study and fattened for 7 months. Three skeletal muscles, M. longissimus, M. gluteus medius, and M. semimembranosus, were collected by needle biopsy three times during the observation period, and mRNA levels of MAP1LC3B and ATG7 were determined by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of genes associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome system, another proteolytic mechanism, were also analyzed for comparison with autophagy-related genes. In addition, ultrasonic scanning was repeatedly performed to measure M. longissimus area as an index of muscle growth. Results: Our results showed that both MAP1LC3B and ATG7 expression increased over the observation period in all three skeletal muscles. Interestingly, the increase in expression of these two genes in M. longissimus was highly correlated with ultrasonic M. longissimus area and body weight. On the other hand, the expression of genes associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome system was unchanged during the same period. Conclusion: These findings suggest that autophagy plays an important role in the growth of skeletal muscle of fattening beef cattle and imply that autophagic activity affects meat productivity.
DOI： 10.5713/ajas.18.0370
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Polymorphisms of RDH16 and VEGFR1 influence M. trapezius steatosis in Japanese Black carcass Reviewed
Ishida T., Noda K., Jomane F., Tokunaga T.
Animal Science Journal 88 ( 8 ) 1037 - 1041 2017.8
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Animal Science Journal
© 2016 Japanese Society of Animal Science The exact cause of steatosis, one of defects in Japanese beef carcasses, has not been elucidated to date, because it is very difficult to diagnose cyclopedically with certain reproducibility due to the bias in the outbreak. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the influence of polymorphisms in retinol dehydrogenase 16 (RDH16), myoferlin (MYOF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2 (VEGFR1, VEGFR2) on carcass-graded Musculus trapezius steatosis. For logistic regression analysis, 646 carcasses shipped from 29 farms in Miyazaki, Japan, were used. The GG genotype in RDH16 showed significant odds ratios against AA and AG. In VEGFR1, CT had a significant odds ratio against CC. After evaluating for interaction, highly significant odds ratios were observed in the combinations that included the GG risk genotype in RDH16. It is noteworthy that there was no steatosis in the combination GG (RDH16) and CC (VEGFR1). It may be concluded that there is a possibility that steatosis can be suppressed by the CC genotype in VEGFR1. The current study revealed the influence of genetic polymorphisms on M. trapezius steatosis that had not been reported until now, and may help elucidate the cause of steatosis.
DOI： 10.1111/asj.12746
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Black cattle body shape and temperature measurement using thermography and KINECT sensor Reviewed
Kawasue K., Win K., Yoshida K., Tokunaga T.
Artificial Life and Robotics 22 ( 4 ) 464 - 470 2017.6
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Artificial Life and Robotics
© 2017, ISAROB. Black cattle body shape and temperature measurement system is introduced. It is important to evaluate the quality of Japanese black cattle periodically during their growth process. Not only the weight and size of cattle, but also the posture, shape, and temperature need to be tracked as primary evaluation criteria. In the present study, KINECT sensor and thermal camera obtains the body shape and its temperature. The whole system is calibrated to operate in a common coordinate system. Point cloud data are obtained from different angles and reconstructed in a computer. The thermal data are captured too. Both point cloud data and thermal information are combined by considering the orientation of the cow. The collected information is used to evaluate and estimate cattle conditions.
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Jomane,F., Ishida,T., Tokunaga,T., Morita,T.
Animal Science Journal 88 ( 3 ) 413 - 420 2017.3
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Animal Science Journal
© 2016 Japanese Society of Animal SciencePolymorphisms in genes involved in lipid metabolism have been reported to be associated with fatty acid composition of adipose tissue. However, the relationship of these polymorphisms with premortem ultrasonic traits is unknown. The objective of this study, therefore, was to assess the association between polymorphisms in fatty acid synthase, stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1, and nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, number 3 genes with ultrasonic and carcass traits in Japanese Black steers (n = 300) under progeny testing at the Livestock Improvement Association of Miyazaki. To have a comprehensive analysis of the association between the aforementioned genetic polymorphisms and ultrasonic traits, longitudinal measurements of ultrasonic traits were taken. Furthermore, the association of these genetic polymorphisms and carcass traits was evaluated. The polymorphisms in the SCD gene and SREBP1 were associated (P < 0.05) with some ultrasonic traits at multiple stages. To add to that, the polymorphisms were associated (P < 0.05) with some carcass traits. These findings suggest that the polymorphisms in SCD and SREBP1 are functional mutations or could be related to mutations that can aid in selection to improve some ultrasonic and carcass traits.
DOI： 10.1111/asj.12650
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Effects of sire line and inbreeding coefficient on carcass traits of Japanese Black breeding cows Reviewed
Japanese Journal of Ultrasonic Technology for Animal Science ( 4 ) 3 - 12 2016.9
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.)
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Fundamental study on the improvement of carcass traits in Berkshire rearing pigs through the use of ultrasound scanning system Reviewed
Japanese Journal of Ultrasonic Technology for Animal Science ( 4 ) 13 - 18 2016.9
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.)
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Growth pattern of young progeny test steers and relationship between the carcass measurements in Japanese Black (Wagyu) Reviewed
Kodama,Y., Jomane,F., Okuhata,K., Totsu,T., Ishida,T., TokunagaT.
The 17th AAAP Animal Science Congress 928 - 931 2016.8
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)
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Sasaki, Y., Furusho, K., Ushijima, R., Tokunaga, T., Uemura, R., Sueyoshi, M.
Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly 50 ( 4 ) 361 - 368 2016.1
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly
The aim of this study was to quantify the body surface temperature of suckling piglets, and determine the association between body surface temperature, body weight and growth rate during the suckling period. The study population consisted of 72 piglets from six sows that were randomly selected at day 4 after farrowing. Infrared thermography and weighing were performed every other day from day 4 to 24 of lactation. Thermal images of each piglet were taken at the eye, base of ear, back, and anus using a handheld infrared camera. Body surface temperature was associated with piglet age and growth rate (P < 0.05), but not with body weight. At day 14, the body surface temperature was highest in all regions (P < 0.05), while at day 24 the piglets averaged lower body surface temperatures than at days 4-18 (P < 0.05). The interaction between piglet age and growth rate significantly affected body surface temperature (P < 0.05). The body surface temperature only varied with growth rate in piglets 12 and 14 days old after birth (P < 0.05). In conclusion, infrared thermography might be useful for the detection of body surface temperature that can be used as an indication of growth performance in piglets with health problems.
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Genetic Polymorphisms and Their Association with Growth and Carcass Traits in Japanese Black Steers under Progeny Testing Reviewed
Fortune Ntengwa JOMANE, Takafumi ISHIDA, Kensuke MORIMOTO, Natuki FUJISHITA, Tadaaki TOKUNAGA, Hiroshi HARADA and Tetsuo MORITA
日本暖地畜産学会報 58 ( 2 ) 217 - 224 2015.6
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
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Genetic Polymorphisms and Their Associations with Growth and Carcass Traits in Japanese Black Steers Reviewed
F. N. Jomane, T. Ishida, K. Morimoto, T. Tokunaga and H. Harada
The 16thAAAP Animal Science Congress 2 33 - 36 2014.11
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)
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Estimation of Carcass Yield Percentage Using Ultrasound and Body Measurements in Japanese Black Cattle Reviewed
T. Tokunaga, F. N. Jomane, T. Ishida and H. Harada
The 16th AAAP Animal Science Congress 2 2275 - 2278 2014.11
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)
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Feasibility of using the ultrasound technique in the genetic improvement of young Japanese Black bulls Reviewed
Fortune Ntengwa Jomane, Tadaaki Tokunaga, Takafumi Ishida, Hiroshi Harada
日本暖地畜産学会会報 57 ( 2 ) 123 - 130 2014.9
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
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An assessment of reproductive and lifetime performances of Kagoshima Berkshire gilts and sows Reviewed
Sasaki Y., Tokunaga T., Uemura R., Sueyoshi M., Sueyoshi M.
Animal Science Journal 85 ( 3 ) 213 - 218 2014.3
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Animal Science Journal
We investigated the reproductive and lifetime performances of Kagoshima Berkshire gilts and sows. We examined 20605 parity records of 4419 pigs for 2008 to 2012 on a farrow-to-finish commercial farm. The mean parity (±SD) of all animals was 3.0±2.1. For farrowing performance, the highest numbers of total pigs born and pigs born alive were found in sows with parities 5 and 6 and with parity 3-6, respectively (P<0.05). Regarding weaning and mating performance, sows with parity 2 had the lowest preweaning mortality (P<0.05). The longest weaning-to-first-mating interval was found in parity 1 pigs, and the interval decreased as parity increased (P<0.05). Parities 0 and 1 pigs had the lowest farrowing rate and those with parity 4 had the highest farrowing rate (P<0.05). The mean parity at culling, total number of pigs born alive in a lifetime, and nonproductive days in a lifetime were 5.5±2.93, 49.2±24.72 pigs, and 132.1±83.34 days, respectively. These animals had a lower litter size and fertility that the F1 crossbred sows mainly used in Japan, but a similar tendency for performance by parity. © 2013 Japanese Society of Animal Science.
DOI： 10.1111/asj.12140
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ISHIDA Takafumi, TOKUNAGA Tadaaki, ARIMA Shingo, MORITA Tetsuo, TAKAHASHI Toshihiro, IRIE Masakazu
Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho 84 ( 4 ) 435 - 442 2013.11
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Zootechnical Science Society of Japan
In cases where carcass defects are found during beef carcass grading, no change in the grade of carcass is seen but could affect the carcass market price. These defects might be found at the meat distribution stage and the defected parts cannot be sold, therefore the impact of these defects on both beef producer and supplier can be substantial. However, the mechanisms of the occurrence of most of the defects are not yet clear. Therefore, this study intended to get basic knowledge of the defect occurrence factors, and investigate the influence that environmental and genetic factors have on defects occurrence by logistic-regression analysis of beef carcass grading records (<I>n</I>=70,171) of Japanese Black cattle in Miyazaki. The results showed low incidences of blood splash and trim loss, and that the incidences of intermuscular edema tended to be lower in recent years. Fattening farm factor had significant effects on defect occurrences but the effects of sire were not significant. On the other hand, the highest bruising odds ratio was in carcasses graded in 2008 and an increasing trend was observed. High odds ratios between sires were obtained. This suggested that differences in nature of activity and/or militancy attributed to sire genetic effects might cause the bruising considering that one of the outbreak factors of bruising is the struggle between cattle. Odds ratios within sires or fattening farm were higher for steatosis cases, suggesting that genetic and environmental factors influence steatosis outbreaks. In addition, the steatosis odds ratio of carcasses graded in March was the highest. It was thought that these fattening cattle spent initial fattening period (about 10 months of age) in high temperature and humidity during rainy seasons, because most Japanese Black fattening cattle are slaughtered from 28 to 30 months of age. For these cattle, while the energy consumption was increasing, the amount of feed intake was decreasing under the hot environment. On the contrary, the lowest odds ratio was observed in cattle fattened from the start of the winter season and slaughtered in October. This observation suggests that the drop in feed intake during the early fattening period influences steatosis outbreak. Although further investigations of feed intake level and/or temperature of environment are needed, it may be concluded that environmental factors including feed management in conjunction with differences in sensitivity due to genetic factors cause the steatosis.
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Three-dimensional shape measurement system for black cattle using KINECT sensor Reviewed
Kawasue K., Ikeda T., Tokunaga T., Harada H.
International Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing 7 ( 4 ) 222 - 230 2013.11
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：International Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing
In the present paper, a measurement system for cattle using a computer vision technique is introduced. It is important to evaluate the quality of Japanese black cattle periodically during the growth process. Not only the weight and size of cattle, but also the posture and shape, are checked as the primary evaluation criteria. In the present study, the digital point cloud data of cattle are obtained by three-dimensional computer vision devices from different angles simultaneously. These devices are calibrated in advance to have a common coordinate system. The point cloud data obtained from different angles is reconstructed on a common coordinate system, and digital cattle are generated in the computer considering the orientation of the cow. The important specifications for evaluating the cow posture are estimated from the reconstructed cattle on the computer.
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TOKUNAGA Tadaaki, ISHIDA Takafumi, TAKAMI Tetsuya, OYAMA Satoshi, HARADA Hiroshi, MORITA Tetsuo
94 9 - 15 2013.1
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
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Genetic trends of fertility trait and relationship between body measurements in Japanese Black cows Reviewed
TOKUNAGA Tadaaki, UJIMASU Seiichi, ISHIDA Takafumi, HARADA Hiroshi
93 6 - 9 2012.6
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
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Research on various factors that influence fat thickness of Japanese Black cows Reviewed
TOKUNAGA Tadaaki, ISHIDA Takafumi, HARADA Hiroshi
92 23 - 27 2012.1
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
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Genetic trends and improvement of carcass traits and calving interval in Japanese black cow Reviewed
Journal of Warm Regional Society of Animal Science, Japan 54 ( 1 ) 33 - 38 2011.3
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
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Annual trends of inbreeding coefficient and genetic trends of carcass traits in Japanese black cow Reviewed
Journal of Warm Regional Society of Animal Science, Japan 54 ( 1 ) 23 - 31 2011.3
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
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超音波画像のデジタル情報の利用と産肉形質の早期予測基準値 Reviewed
徳永 忠昭, 原田 宏, 坂東島 直人, 川田 洋一, 大山 敏, 横山 喜世志, 徳丸 元幸, 清野 滋美, 石田 孝史
宮崎大学農学部研究報告 50 ( 1 ) 11 - 17 2004.3
Authorship：Lead author, Corresponding author Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)
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バークシャー種母豚の産肉形質に関する基礎的研究 Reviewed
牧山 大和, 原田 宏, 松窪 敬介, 渡邉 正良, 徳永 忠昭, 石田 孝史
宮崎大学農学部研究報告 50 ( 1 ) 19 - 23 2004.3
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)
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肉用牛産肉形質改良への超音波診断装置(SEM-900)の利用 Reviewed
徳永 忠昭, 原田 宏, 坂東島 直人, 川田 洋一, 大山 敏, 横山 喜世志, 徳丸 元幸, 清野 滋美, 石田 孝史
宮崎大学農学部研究報告 49 ( 1 ) 49 - 57 2003.3
Authorship：Lead author, Corresponding author Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)