論文 - 椋木 雅之
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Takatsuka Kayoko, Nagatomo Yoki, Uchida Noriyuki, Ikeda Takuya, Mukunoki Masayuki, Okazaki Naonobu
Journal of Robotics, Networking and Artificial Life 10 ( 1 ) 17 - 24 2023年6月
記述言語：英語 掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌） 出版者・発行元：株式会社 ALife Robotics
This study aimed to reduce the effect of the examining environment on accuracy by using an eye movement detection system, a VR head-mounted display. We reproduced the inspection environment in a virtual reality environment and performed the cover test, a basic inspection technique for tropia and phoria. We then developed a system that uses eye data collected by eye tracking to detect the directions and magnitudes of eye misalignment. The Maddox method, an existing testing procedure, was used to verify the accuracy. We have confirmed its effectiveness in detecting the directions and magnitudes of horizontal eye misalignment.
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Detection of Eye Misalignment Using an HMD with an Eye-tracking Capability
Nagatomo Yoki, Uchida Noriyuki, Ikeda Takuya, Takatsuka Kayoko, Mukunoki Masayuki, Okazaki Naonobu
人工生命とロボットに関する国際会議予稿集 28 863 - 867 2023年2月
記述言語：英語 掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌） 出版者・発行元：株式会社ALife Robotics
In this study, we implemented the Cover Test, a test method for diagnosing eye misalignment using a head-mounted display with an eye-tracking capability. Specifically, we created a virtual examination environment in a VR space. The eye-tracking technique collected eye movements immediately after the covering or uncovering of the eyes. Thus, we calculated the amount of eye deviation and developed a system to determine the presence and magnitude of strabismus and heterophoria.We assessed the system in the verification experiment by examining the consistency between the judgment results provided by this system and the clinical evaluation approach with the Maddox rod. The result was that we could verify the horizontal eye movements more accurately.
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Detection of Eye Misalignment Using an HMD with an Eye-tracking Capability 査読あり
Nagatomo Y., Uchida N., Ikeda T., Takatsuka K., Mukunoki M., Okazaki N.
Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Life and Robotics 871 - 875 2023年
掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌） 出版者・発行元：Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Life and Robotics
In this study, we implemented the Cover Test, a test method for diagnosing eye misalignment using a head-mounted display with an eye-tracking capability. Specifically, we created a virtual examination environment in a VR space. The eye-tracking technique collected eye movements immediately after the covering or uncovering of the eyes. Thus, we calculated the amount of eye deviation and developed a system to determine the presence and magnitude of strabismus and heterophoria.We assessed the system in the verification experiment by examining the consistency between the judgment results provided by this system and the clinical evaluation approach with the Maddox rod. The result was that we could verify the horizontal eye movements more accurately.
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リレーアタック耐性とボット耐性の両立を目指したインタラクティブな動画CAPTCHAの提案と評価 査読あり
油田 健太郎, 臼崎 翔太郎, 山場 久昭, 片山 徹郎, 椋木 雅之, 朴 美娘, 岡崎直宣
情報処理学会論文誌 62 ( 12 ) 1864 - 1878 2021年12月
記述言語：日本語 掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）
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Development of a system to detect eye position abnormality based on eye-tracking 査読あり
Uchida N., Takatuka K., Yamaba H., Mukunoki M., Okazaki N.
Journal of Robotics, Networking and Artificial Life 8 ( 3 ) 205 - 210 2021年12月
記述言語：英語 掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌） 出版者・発行元：Journal of Robotics, Networking and Artificial Life
In previous research, we developed a method to automate the conventional evaluation of eye misalignment (cover test) and distinguish misaligned eyes from their movements. However, this method had the problem that vertical eye movements were affected by the eyelids and eyelashes, and could not be completely detected. To solve this problem, we have developed another method to recognize abnormalities by observing only the movement near the center of the pupil.
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Proposal and evaluation for color constancy CAPTCHA 査読あり
Usuzaki S., Aburada K., Yamaba H., Katayama T., Mukunoki M., Park M., Okazaki N.
Artificial Life and Robotics 26 ( 3 ) 291 - 296 2021年3月
記述言語：英語 掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌） 出版者・発行元：Artificial Life and Robotics
CAPTCHAs are technologies that distinguish humans and bot to prevent illegal access. Unfortunately, current CAPTCHAs, even the latest Google reCAPTCHA, have already broken with high accuracy. Although the devices, including emphasizing the distortion of the text and adding noise to the image, improve the machine resistance, they may decrease the accessibility of the web page. The purpose of this study is to propose a new CAPTCHA that can decrease the machine resistance while keeping usability. To achieve this purpose, we focused on color constancy. Color constancy is a human’s characteristic that enables humans to recognize the original color of the object by ignoring the effects of illumination light. Color constancy has not been fully reproduced by the program yet. We proposed color constancy CAPTCHA that the user is required to answer an original color of the object in a specified area on the CAPTCHA image with a color filter. In this paper, we created a prototype of CAPTCHA, applied two kinds of color filters, and then evaluated each case for the human success rate, machine success rate, and usability.
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FMD-VS: A virtual sensor to index FMD virus scattering 査読あり
Takatsuka K., Sekiguchi S., Yamaba H., Aburada K., Mukunoki M., Okazaki N.
PLoS ONE 15 ( 9 September ) 2020年9月
記述言語：英語 掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス） 出版者・発行元：PLoS ONE
© 2020 Takatsuka et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) models—analytical models for tracking and analyzing FMD outbreaks—are known as dominant tools for examining the spread of the disease under various conditions and assessing the effectiveness of countermeasures. There has been some remarkable progress in modeling research since the UK epidemic in 2001. Several modeling methods have been introduced, developed, and are still growing. However, in 2010 when a FMD outbreak occurred in the Miyazaki prefecture, a crucial problem reported: Once a regional FMD outbreak occurs, municipal officials in the region must make various day-today decisions throughout this period of vulnerability. The deliverables of FMD modeling research in its current state appear insufficient to support the daily judgments required in such cases. FMD model can be an efficient support tool for prevention decisions. It requires being conversant with modeling and its preconditions. Therefore, most municipal officials with no knowledge or experience found full use of the model difficult. Given this limitation, the authors consider methods and systems to support users of FMD models who must make real-time epidemic-related judgments in the infected areas. We propose a virtual sensor, designated “FMD-VS,” to index FMD virus scattering in conditions where there is once a notion of FMD; and (2) shows how we apply the developed FMD-VS technique during an outbreak. In (1), we show our approach to constructing FMD-VS based on the existing FMD model and offer an analysis and evaluation method to assess its performance. We again present the results produced when the technique applied to 2010 infection data from the Miyazaki Prefecture. For (2), we outline the concept of a method that supports the prevention judgment of municipal officials and show how to use FMD-VS.
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主観的輪郭を用いた回転3Dテキスト型CAPTCHAの提案 査読あり
臼崎 翔太郎, 油田 健太郎, 山場 久昭, 片山 徹郎, 椋木 雅之, 朴 美娘, 岡崎 直宣
電子情報通信学会論文誌B 通信 J103-B ( 8 ) 332 - 343 2020年8月
記述言語：日本語 掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌） 出版者・発行元：電子情報通信学会
テキスト型CAPTCHAは機械の攻撃精度が高く，実用には複雑な妨害が必要である．本研究では，主観的輪郭に着目し，複雑な妨害が必要ないテキスト型CAPTCHAを検討する．本手法では3D空間に縦か横に回転する3D文字を配置し，指定された向きに回転する文字を入力させる．3D文字は側面部のみが視認されるようにしており，人間は主観的輪郭の知覚により側面部分の形状から文字を判読できるが，機械には，配置位置や向きで異なる形状を同じ文字だと認識するのは困難である．また回転運動は，人間には文字認識の手がかりとなるが，機械には回転方向の機械的な認識も必要となる．評価実験の結果，人間成功率は0.91であり，既存のテキスト型CAPTCHAの平均成功率を4ポイント上回った．深層学習手法のCNNによる攻撃プログラムを作成し計1,000問のCAPTCHAに適用した結果，文字の認識率は0.930，機械成功率は0.618であり，今後は他の妨害を検討する必要があることが分かった．またユーザビリティ評価では回答時間とSUSを調査した．平均回答時間は21.4秒と既存手法よりも8.4秒長いが，SUSは73.3であり，画像型CAPTCHAと同等程度の高いユーザビリティを保持していることが分かった．
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An evaluation of the interactive video CAPTCHA method against automated attack 査読あり
Aburada Kentaro, Usuzaki Shotaro, Yamaba Hisaaki, Katayama Tetsuro, Mukunoki Masayuki, Park Mirang, Okazaki Naonobu
IEICE Communications Express 8 ( 12 ) 453 - 457 2019年12月
記述言語：英語 掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌） 出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 電子情報通信学会
CAPTCHA is designed to detect automated programs (called bots) by requiring them to perform tasks that are easy for humans but difficult for automations. CAPTCHAs are vulnerable to relay attacks in which the challenges are relayed to remote human-solvers. In our previous paper, we proposed an interactive video type CAPTCHA that is strongly resistant to relay attacks. However, a quantitative evaluation of resistance to automated attacks still has not been carried out. Herein, we implement an automated attack for applying to our CAPTCHA and evaluate its resistance to automated attacks. Our results show the robustness of our proposed method against mean shift algorithm.
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Implementation of CAPTCHA suitable for mobile devices 査読あり
Aburada Kentaro, Usuzaki Shotaro, Yamaba Hisaaki, Katayama Tetsuro, Mukunoki Masayuki, Park Mirang, Okazaki Naonobu
IEICE Communications Express 8 ( 12 ) 601 - 605 2019年12月
記述言語：英語 掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌） 出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 電子情報通信学会
CAPTCHA is a technology designed to prevent automated programs (known as bots) from acquiring access to on-line accounts to send spam mail, manipulate vote numbers in on-line polls, or take other malicious actions. In addition, access to Web services has been incorporated into mobile devices, such as smartphones. However, because most CAPTCHAs are not designed for mobile devices, user-friendly CAPTCHA for mobile devices is required. Thus, we implemented CAPTCHA on mobile devices and evaluated its resistance to bots. Our CAPTCHA showed robustness against bots, with good usability.
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3D-SRGAN: SRGAN の３次元ボクセルモデル超解像への適用 査読あり
岡 和寿, 椋木 雅之
画像電子学会論文誌 48 ( 4 ) 488 - 496 2019年10月
記述言語：日本語 掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）
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CHAMSIN: CaptcHA by caMouflaged StrINg 査読あり
Mukunoki Masayuki, Yamaba Hisaaki, Usuzaki Shotaro, Aburada Kentaro, Katayama Tetsuro, Park Mirang, Okazaki Naonobu
IEICE Communications Express 8 ( 3 ) 55 - 60 2019年3月
記述言語：英語 掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌） 出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 電子情報通信学会
We propose a new CAPTCHA scheme that uses random dot patterns (RDPs) to prevent highly-developed bots attacks. Human beings can recognize a moving figure filled by a RDP from a background that is filled by another RDP; however, it is impossible to find such figures when they are stationary. Since image recognition by bots is usually carried out frame by frame, it is hard for bots to recognize such moving figures. The proposed CAPTCHA scheme exploits this characteristic. Several experiments were carried out to confirm that the proposed CAPTCHA scheme is usable enough and has enough resistance against bot attacks.
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Interactive Video CAPTCHA for Better Resistance to Automated Attack 査読あり
Shotaro Usuzaki, Kentaro Aburada, Hisaaki Yamaba, Tetsuro Katayama, Masayuki Mukunoki, Mirang Park, Naonobu Okazaki
2018 Eleventh International Conference on Mobile Computing and Ubiquitous Network 2019年2月
記述言語：英語 掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス） 出版者・発行元：2018 11th International Conference on Mobile Computing and Ubiquitous Network, ICMU 2018
© 2018 IPSJ. A 'Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart' (CAPTCHA) widely used online services so that prevents bots from automatic getting a large of accounts. Interactive video type CAPTCHAs that attempt to detect this attack by using delay time due to communication relays have been proposed. However, these approaches remain insufficiently resistant to bots. We propose a CAPTCHA that combines resistant to automated and relay attacks. In our CAPTCHA, the users recognize a moving object (target object) from among a number of randomly appearing decoy objects and tracks the target with mouse cursor. The users pass the test when they were able to track the target for a certain time. Since the target object moves quickly, the delay makes it difficult for a remote solver to break the CAPTCHA during a relay attack. It is also difficult for a bot to track the target using image processing because it has same looks of the decoys. We evaluated our CAPTCHA's resistance to relay and automated attacks. Our results show that, if our CAPTHCA's parameters are set suitable value, a relay attack cannot be established economically and false acceptance rate with bot could be reduced to 0.01% without affecting human success rate.
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HMD-based Cover Test System for the Diagnosis of Ocular Malalignment 査読あり
Noriyuki Uchida, Kayoko Takatuka, Atsusi Nakazawa, Masayuki Mukunoki, Hisaaki Yamaba, Naonobu Okazaki
Journal of Artificial Life and Robotics, Springer 2019年1月
記述言語：英語 掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）
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A Proposal of New Reading Text CAPTCHA using Random Dot Patterns 査読あり
Hisaaki Yamaba, Shotaro Usuzaki, Kentaro Aburada, Masayuki Mukunoki, Mirang Park and Naonobu Okazaki
Proceedings - 2018 6th International Symposium on Computing and Networking, CANDAR 2018 207 - 212 2018年12月
記述言語：英語 掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス） 出版者・発行元：Proceedings - 2018 6th International Symposium on Computing and Networking, CANDAR 2018
© 2018 IEEE. According to the growth of troubles caused by malicious programs called bots, CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) comes to be an important role in the current information society. CAPTCHA identifies bots from legitimate human users by requiring some questions that are easy for humans to solve but difficult for bots. However, the progress of computing technology such as Optical Character Recognition (OCR) function. bots come to be able to solve present CAPTCHAs. In order to outcome such troublesome bots, more sophisticated CAPTCHA that requires the high cognitive ability of human beings is desired. In this paper, we propose a new CAPTCHA scheme that uses random dot patterns. Human beings can recognize a moving figure filled by a random dot pattern from a background that is filled by another random dot pattern; however, they lose the figure in the background when the figure pauses. Since image recognition by computer programs is usually carried out frame by frame, it is hard for bots to recognize such a moving figure filled by a random dot pattern from another random dot pattern background. The proposed CAPTCHA scheme exploits this characteristic of random dot patterns. This CAPTCHA requires users to answer a text filled by a random dot pattern that is moving on a background also filled by another random dot pattern. Several experiments were carried out to confirm that the proposed CAPTCHA scheme has enough resistance against bot attacks using representative image recognition methods. Results of the experiments showed that the image recognition methods cannot find out the answer text. Other experiments were also carried out to evaluate the usability of the proposed CAPTCHA scheme. The system usability scheme was adopted in the experiments. The obtained score was 89 that means this CAPTCHA scheme has high usability. These results showed that the CAPTCHA scheme is usable enough and has enough resistance against bot attacks.
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Eye Region Detection by Likelihood Combination for Improving Iris Authentication
Thae Su Tun, Masayuki Mukunoki
宮崎大学工学部紀要 47 2018年9月
記述言語：英語 掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）
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Image Classification using Collaborative Mean Attraction with Sparse Optimizatio 査読あり
Hiroki Ogihara, Masayuki Mukunoki
International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence (ICPRAI2018) 2018年5月
記述言語：英語 掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）
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Transparent Object Detection Using Convolutional Neural Network 査読あり
May Phyo Khaing, Mukunoki Masayuki
ICBDL 2018 86 - 93 2018年5月
記述言語：英語 掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）
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An examination of the interactive video CAPTCHA method to resist relay attack 査読あり
Tatsuda Ryohei, Aburada Kentaro, Yamaba Hisaaki, Katayama Tetsuro, Mukunoki Masayuki, Park Mirang, Okazaki Naonobu
IEICE Communications Express 7 ( 4 ) 136 - 141 2018年4月
記述言語：英語 掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌） 出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 電子情報通信学会
CAPTCHA is a kind of challenge response test, which is used to distinguish human users from malicious computer program such as bots. However, the attack technique called relay attack as a method to avoid the CAPTCHA has been devised. This attack relays the CAPTCHA challenges to remote human-solvers, let them to decode CAPTCHA challenges. We used delay time that is caused by communications needed in relay attack. Our new CAPTCHA uses this delay time between communications to prevent relay attacks. We constructed an experimental environment in which relay attack can be simulated, made a series of experiments in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.
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行動履歴に基づく地域の環境要因を考慮した観光行動モデルの構築とその応用 査読あり
笠原秀一, 田村和範, 飯山将晃, 椋木雅之, 美濃導彦
情報処理学会論文誌 57 ( 5 ) 1411 - 1420 2016年5月
記述言語：日本語 掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）