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Faculty of Medicine School of Medicine Department of Social Medicine, Legal Medicine |
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YUKAWA Nobuhiro
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Degree 【 display / non-display 】
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博士（医学） ( 1992.11 宮崎医科大学 )
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医学士 ( 1985.3 宮崎医科大学 )
Research Areas 【 display / non-display 】
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Life Science / Forensics medicine
Papers 【 display / non-display 】
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Perls' Prussian blue staining and chemistry of Prussian blue and Turnbull blue Reviewed
Sonoda A., Nihei M., Shinkawa N., Kakizaki E., Yukawa N.
Forensic Science International Synergy 11 100627 2025.12
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Forensic Science International Synergy
Perls’ Prussian blue staining or reaction is used to detect haemosiderin, which is stored or sequestrated non-haeme iron. Methodologically, the iron in haemosiderin is released as Fe<sup>3+</sup> (Fe<sup>III</sup>) by hydrochloric acid (HCl), and Fe<sup>III</sup> reacts with potassium ferrocyanide (K<inf>4</inf>[Fe<sup>II</sup>(CN)<inf>6</inf>]) to form Prussian blue. Iron released from ferritin, another stored non-haeme iron, is too scarce to be detected. Haeme iron, including haemoglobin and cytochromes, is not released by HCl. Thus, haemosiderin can easily be detected under the microscope as distinct blue deposits with minimal background staining. The chemistry of cyanide-bridged iron complexes, including Prussian blue and Turnbull blue, is the basis for understanding Perls' staining. Prussian blue is a cubic lattice with Fe<sup>II</sup> or Fe<sup>III</sup> ions alternately aligned at the corners to give Fe<sup>II</sup>–CN–Fe<sup>III</sup> formations at the edges. Physicochemically, Prussian blue is soluble in water (dispersible as a colloid) or insoluble depending on how it is formed. As with Perls' staining, Prussian blue is expected to take a soluble form because of excess K<inf>4</inf>[Fe<sup>II</sup>(CN)<inf>6</inf>] compared to Fe<sup>3+</sup> released from tissues. Notably, Prussian blue used in Perls' staining does not in fact dissipate into the staining solution but remains on the tissue, rendering this a practical method for histological detection of haemosiderin and also exogenous iron of forensic significance. However, further examinations of its mechanisms are needed to evaluate the applicability of this method on various forensics cases.
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Shinkawa N., Kakizaki E., Sonoda A., Yukawa N.
Legal Medicine 79 102738 2025.11
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Legal Medicine
Ingested alcohol (ethanol) is oxidized in the liver to acetic acid, which is then transferred to other organs where it is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water. However, to the best of our knowledge, no overall equation for this process has yet been described in the forensic literature, despite its physiological relevance. Here we present such an overall equation, derived by summing the reactions involved in the complete oxidation of ethanol: oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid by alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases, conversion to acetyl-coenzyme A, oxidation via the citric acid cycle, and utilization of the resulting reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and ubiquinol to fully reduce molecular oxygen. The overall equation is expressed as a pair of equations because inorganic phosphate takes two forms, H<inf>2</inf>PO<inf>4</inf><sup>−</sup> and HPO<inf>4</inf><sup>2−</sup>, with a pKa of approximately 6.8. The pair of equations indicates that no H<sup>+</sup> is generated if inorganic phosphate is present as H<inf>2</inf>PO<inf>4</inf><sup>−</sup>, whereas one H<sup>+</sup> is formed if inorganic phosphate is present as HPO<inf>4</inf><sup>2−</sup>. The actual ratio of [HPO<inf>4</inf><sup>2−</sup>]/[H<inf>2</inf>PO<inf>4</inf><sup>−</sup>] is approximately 1, 1.6, and 2.5 at pH 6.8, 7.0, and 7.2, respectively, indicating that complete oxidation of one ethanol molecule forms approximately 0.6 (0.5–0.7) H<sup>+</sup>. Evidence of H<sup>+</sup> formation contradicts the general notion that complete oxidation neither generates nor consumes H<sup>+</sup>. The implications of H<sup>+</sup> generation merit clarification, particularly given the prevalence of metabolic acidosis in heavy drinkers.
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An Autopsy Case of Drowning With Suspected Cadaveric Spasm. Reviewed
Sonoda A, Shinkawa N, Kakizaki E, Yukawa N
The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology 2025.10
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
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Metastatic Cardiac Tumor Mimicking Coronary Artery Aneurysm on Postmortem Computed Tomography Reviewed
Shinkawa N., Yamada R., Azuma M., Shinkawa N., Yukawa N.
American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 2025
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology
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Shinkawa N., Sonoda A., Kakizaki E., Yukawa N.
American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 46 ( 3 ) 232 - 235 2025
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology
Wischnewsky spots are disseminated, dark lesions in gastric mucosa reflecting hemorrhage associated with fatal hypothermia, and are a phenomenon well known to forensic pathologists. We applied luminol and leucomalachite green tests to formalin-fixed gastric mucosa with Wischnewsky spots in autopsy cases of hypothermia. Both luminol and leucomalachite green tests showed positive reactions. We describe the technical significance of these tests in forensic diagnosis, in that luminol and leucomalachite green tests may be useful in forensic autopsy cases, and may also be useful for formalin-fixed organs.
Books 【 display / non-display 】
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Esentials of Autopsy Practice. Vol. 5 Innovations, Updates and Advances in Practice. 分担章の題名: Diatom and Laboratory Tests to Support a Conclusion of Death by Drowning.（共著）
Yukawa N, Kakizaki E, Kozawa S（ Role： Joint author , 内容に係わる解剖をし、執筆した。）
Springer-Verlag (London) 2012.10
Language：English Book type：Scholarly book
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Mitochondrial analysis in forensic science. In Rapley R, Whitehouse D, ediotrs.
Matsuda H, Yukawa N.（ Role： Joint author , 14）
John Weiley & Sons, Ltd 2007.4
Language：English Book type：Scholarly book
MISC 【 display / non-display 】
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Yukawa N., Koppenol W.H., Kakizaki E., Sinkawa N., Sonoda A.
Legal Medicine 68 102420 2024.5
Language：English Publishing type：Rapid communication, short report, research note, etc. (scientific journal) Publisher：Legal Medicine
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特集 次世代シーケンサーが可能にした感染学の新しい展開 Invited
柿崎英二,湯川修弘
化学療法の領域 2017.6
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)
Presentations 【 display / non-display 】
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Degree of reduction を用いたアルコール代謝の法医学教育
湯川修弘、新川慶明、林 里采、園田 愛、柿崎英二
第70回日本法医学会学術九州地方集会
Event date： 2020.10.16 - 2020.10.17
Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)
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血液水溶液への可視光照射によるルミノール反応の加速効果
林 里采，白上 努，柿崎英二，新川慶明，園田 愛，湯川修弘
第69回日本法医学会学術九州地方集会
Event date： 2019.10.25 - 2019.10.26
Language：Japanese Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)
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ボタン電池の誤飲や嵌頓において，低電圧1.5 Vの電池でも組織傷害性のアルカリが生成される理由について
新川慶明，柿崎英二，林 里采，園田 愛，湯川修弘
第68回日本法医学会学術九州地方集会
Event date： 2018.10.19 - 2018.10.20
Language：Japanese Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)
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右手に笹の葉を固く握った状態で発見され即時性死体硬直と思われた溺死の一解剖例
湯川修弘、新川慶明、柿崎英二、園田 愛、林 里采、小片 守
第68回日本法医学会学術九州地方集会
Event date： 2018.10.19 - 2018.10.20
Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research 【 display / non-display 】
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肺で検出された少数の珪藻は溺水を示唆するのか：現場水域ごとの違いを明らかにする
Grant number：25K13657 2025.04 - 2029.03
独立行政法人日本学術振興会 科学研究費基金 基盤研究(C)
Authorship：Principal investigator
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溺死診断におけるプランクトン検査の意義：既成概念の大幅な変革に挑戦する
Grant number：22K19675 2022.04 - 2025.03
独立行政法人日本学術振興会 科学研究費補助金 挑戦的研究(萌芽)
園田 愛、
Authorship：Coinvestigator(s)
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最も少ない労力で行える溺死の補助診断検査：法医実務に合わせた最も効果的な活用法
Grant number：21H03215 2021.04 - 2024.03
独立行政法人日本学術振興会 科学研究費補助金 基盤研究(B)
Authorship：Principal investigator
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溺死の診断のためのLAMP法を用いた簡易迅速スクリーニング検査法の開発
Grant number：25460871 2013.04 - 2016.03
科学研究費補助金 基盤研究(C)
Authorship：Coinvestigator(s)
溺死の診断のためのLAMP法を用いた簡易迅速スクリーニング検査法の開発
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溺死体の血液及び諸臓器中に存在する水棲微生物のメタゲノム解析
Grant number：25293163 2013.04 - 2016.03
科学研究費補助金 基盤研究(B)
Authorship：Principal investigator
溺死体の血液及び諸臓器中に存在する水棲微生物のメタゲノム解析
Available Technology 【 display / non-display 】
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教科書・文献のアルコールや中毒に関する化学反応式の点検
酸化数によらないアルコールやグルコースの代謝経路の俯瞰的理解
アセトアミノフェンの毒性機序についての再検討Home Page： 宮崎大学医学部医学科社会医学講座法医学分野
Related fields where technical consultation is available：大学教養課程レベルでの解糖やクエン酸回路など主要代謝経路の説明の仕方についてのアドバイス
Message：ライフサイエンス ボタン型電池の誤飲や鼻腔への嵌頓は小児や高齢者の緊急事態です。私たちは障がい機序（強アルカリ生成）と治療法についてインビトロの小実験と物理化学的な考察から理解を深めたいと思っています。