Papers - AKASHI Ryo
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Rahman M.M., Mat K., Ishigaki G., Akashi R.
Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho 92 ( 1 ) 2021.12
Language:Japanese Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho
Year by year, huge quantities of by-products are generated during the manufacturing process of soybean-based products. Okara is one of the by-products, and it is an insoluble portion of the soybean. It consists of high moisture (8.4-22.9%); on dry matter basis, it contains high metabolizable energy (9.0-14.2 MJ/kg) and other components that include crude protein (20.9-39.1%), crude fiber (12.2-61.3%), crude fat (4.9-21.5%), and ash (3.4-5.3%). Fermentation of okara improves its nutritional quality and reduces its anti-nutrient contents. Due to animals' palatability, okara can be used to replace the soybean meal/concentrate feed partially or completely in ruminant's diet and partially in nonruminant's diet. Okara feeding does not depress the intake, digestibility, growth, milk production, blood metabolic profiles, and meat quality of animals. However, this by-product decays quickly due to its high moisture content, and its heavy weight and sticky nature make it difficult to process and expensive to dry using conventional methods. This paper thoroughly summarizes the utilization of okara as animal feed in the cause of developing a general guideline with favorable levels of inclusion in the diets of animals for its exploitation and valorization. This review will encourage further research to develop eco-friendly and value added feed for animals.
DOI: 10.1111/asj.13594
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Varietal differences in flavonoid and antioxidant activity in Japanese soybean accessions Reviewed
Arifin H.A., Hashiguchi T., Nagahama K., Hashiguchi M., Muguerza M., Sakakibara Y., Tanaka H., Akashi R.
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 85 ( 4 ) 916 - 922 2021.3
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry
Soybean seeds contain many antioxidants, including flavonoids and other phytochemicals. Isoflavone is a phytoestrogen that mimics estrogenic effects on target tissues and also exerts antioxidant activity by sequestering free radicals. Despite many cultivars developed to date, varietal differences in flavonoid content and antioxidant activity in Japanese soybean accessions remain less well characterized. Here, we evaluated the seed content of isoflavones, total flavonoids, and total phenolics in 26 soybean accessions. Next, the antioxidant activity of each accession was examined using antioxidant responsive element (ARE) linked to a luciferase reporter in human HepG2 stable cells. The relative ARE luciferase activity rate of all soybean accessions varied up to 4-fold which ranged from 1.00 to 4.02; and 22 accessions exhibited significant antioxidant activities. Correlation analysis indicated that the level of total isoflavone moderately correlated with antioxidant activity.
DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa104
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Quantitative analysis of seven plant hormones in Lotus japonicus using standard addition method Reviewed
Hashiguchi T., Hashiguchi M., Tanaka H., Fukushima K., Gondo T., Akashi R.
PLoS ONE 16 ( 2 February ) 2021.2
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:PLoS ONE
Plant hormones have been identified to be versatile signaling molecules essential for plant growth, development, and stress response. Their content levels vary depending on the species, and they also change in response to any external stimuli. Thus, simultaneous quantification of multiple plant hormones is required to understand plant physiology. Sensitive and quantitative analysis using liquid chromatography-linked mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been used in detecting plant hormones; however, quantification without stable isotopes is yet to be established. In this study, we quantified seven representative plant hormones of Lotus japonicus, which is a model legume for standard addition method. Accurate masses for monoisotopic ions of seven phytohormones were determined for high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). Selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode based on accurate masses was used in detecting phytohormones in the roots, stems, and leaves. Evaluation of matrix effects showed ion suppression ranging from 10.2% to 87.3%. Both stable isotope dilution and standard addition methods were able to detect plant hormones in the roots, stems, and leaves, with no significant differences in using both approaches and thus a standard addition method can be used to quantify phytohormones in L. japonicus. The method will be effective, especially when stable isotopes are not available to correct for matrix effects.
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Chotekajorn A., Hashiguchi T., Hashiguchi M., Tanaka H., Akashi R.
Plant Genetic Resources: Characterisation and Utilisation 19 ( 1 ) 35 - 43 2021.2
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Plant Genetic Resources: Characterisation and Utilisation
Wild soybean (Glycine soja) is a valuable genetic resource for soybean improvement. Seed composition profiles provide beneficial information for the effective conservation and utilization of wild soybeans. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the variation in free amino acid abundance in the seeds of wild soybean germplasm collected in Japan. The free amino acid content in the seeds from 316 accessions of wild soybean ranged from 0.965 to 5.987 mg/g seed dry weight (DW), representing a 6.2-fold difference. Three amino acids had the highest coefficient of variation (CV): Asparagine (1.15), histidine (0.95) and glutamine (0.94). Arginine (0.775 mg/g DW) was the predominant amino acid in wild soybean seeds, whereas the least abundant seed amino acid was glutamine (0.008 mg/g DW). A correlation network revealed significant positive relationships among most amino acids. Wild soybean seeds from different regions of origin had significantly different levels of several amino acids. In addition, a significant correlation between latitude and longitude of the collection sites and the total free amino acid content of seeds was observed. Our study reports diverse phenotypic data on the free amino acid content in seeds of wild soybean resources collected from throughout Japan. This information will be useful in conservation programmes for Japanese wild soybean and for the selection of accessions with favourable characteristics in future legume crop improvement efforts.
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Kajiya-Kanegae H., Nagasaki H., Kaga A., Hirano K., Ogiso-Tanaka E., Matsuoka M., Ishimori M., Ishimoto M., Hashiguchi M., Tanaka H., Akashi R., Isobe S., Iwata H.
DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes 28 ( 1 ) 2021.1
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes
We performed whole-genome Illumina resequencing of 198 accessions to examine the genetic diversity and facilitate the use of soybean genetic resources and identified 10 million single nucleotide polymorphisms and 2.8 million small indels. Furthermore, PacBio resequencing of 10 accessions was performed, and a total of 2,033 structure variants were identified. Genetic diversity and structure analysis congregated the 198 accessions into three subgroups (Primitive, World, and Japan) and showed the possibility of a long and relatively isolated history of cultivated soybean in Japan. Additionally, the skewed regional distribution of variants in the genome, such as higher structural variations on the R gene clusters in the Japan group, suggested the possibility of selective sweeps during domestication or breeding. A genome-wide association study identified both known and novel causal variants on the genes controlling the flowering period. Novel candidate causal variants were also found on genes related to the seed coat colour by aligning together with Illumina and PacBio reads. The genomic sequences and variants obtained in this study have immense potential to provide information for soybean breeding and genetic studies that may uncover novel alleles or genes involved in agronomically important traits.
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Kusaba I., Nakao T., Maita H., Sato S., Chijiiwa R., Yamada E., Arima S., Kojoma M., Ishimaru K., Akashi R., Suzuki A.
Plant Biotechnology 38 ( 1 ) 57 - 66 2021
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Plant Biotechnology
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) is a medicinal plant that contains glycyrrhizin (GL), which has various pharmacological activities. Because licorice is a legume, it can establish a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria. However, the effect of this symbiosis on GL production is unknown. Rhizobia were isolated from root nodules of Glycyrrhiza glabra, and a rhizobium that can form root nodules in G. uralensis was selected. Whole-genome analysis revealed a single circular chromosome of 6.7 Mbp. This rhizobium was classified as Mesorhizobium by phylogenetic analysis and was designated Mesorhizobium sp. J8. When G. uralensis plants grown from cuttings were inoculated with J8, root nodules formed. Shoot biomass and SPAD values of inoculated plants were significantly higher than those of uninoculated controls, and the GL content of the roots was 3.2 times that of controls. Because uninoculated plants from cuttings showed slight nodule formation, we grew plants from seeds in plant boxes filled with sterilized vermiculite, inoculated half of the seedlings with J8, and grew them with or without 100 µM KNO3. The SPAD values of inoculated plants were significantly higher than those of uninoculated plants. Furthermore, the expression level of the CYP88D6 gene, which is a marker of GL synthesis, was 2.5 times higher than in inoculated plants. These results indicate that rhizobial symbiosis promotes both biomass and GL production in G. uralensis.
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Effects of silicate fertilizer on growth and silicic acid accumulation in turfgrass Reviewed
Inoue T., Hashiguchi M., Koga K., Muguerza M., Tanaka H., Akashi R.
Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 20 ( 2 ) 324 - 331 2021
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Asian Journal of Plant Sciences
Background and Objective: Silicon is a globally important soil nutrient to crops for productivity and alleviates the effects of environmental stress in higher plants, including turfgrass. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of silicate fertilizer in two turfgrass species, Zoysia matrella ‘Wakaba’ and creeping bentgrass, Agrostis stolonifera ‘Nightlife’, in terms of plant growth, coverage rate, silicic acid content in shoots and roots and root elongation and growth in both turfgrasses. Materials and Methods: The Z. matrella and creeping bentgrass were cultured under SiO2 treatments (0, 500 and 1,000 g mG2). Plant height, number of shoots, stolon length and coverage were investigated in Z. matrella. In addition, dry matter weight and silicic acid content of shoots, stolons and roots were analyzed in Z. matrella and the same was done in creeping bentgrass except stolons. Results: Silicate treatments tended to increase plant growth, coverage rate, dry matter weight and shoot silicon content in Z. matrella and increased silicon content of shoots and roots in creeping bentgrass. Conclusion: Higher silicic acid content in the shoots than in roots of Z. matrella and creeping bentgrass confirms that they are both silicon-accumulating species. Moreover, the content of silicic acid in Z. matrella increased in the order of roots, stolons and shoots which suggests the existence of a gradual silicic acid transport mechanism in Zoysia species.
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Prasojo Y.S., Ishigaki G., Hashiguchi M., Akashi R.
Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 20 ( 2 ) 256 - 262 2021
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Asian Journal of Plant Sciences
Background and Objective: The dry matter yield, fiber content, crude protein content and crude protein yield should depend on the cutting stage of each different soybean cultivars. This study aimed to clarify the effect of different growth stages on biomass weight and forage quality of different growth type soybean (Glycine max) in temperate low warm region, Japan. Materials and Methods: Determinate growth (DET) soybeans (Fukuyutaka, Norin 2), Indeterminate growth (IND) soybeans (Moshidou Gong 503, Williams 82) and an unknown growing type soybean (Kohamadaizu) were sowed in the beginning of June 2019 and harvested at three stages (R1, beginning of flowering stage, R2, full flowering stage, R5, beginning of seed development). The study was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results: Fukuyutaka, Kohamadaizu and Norin 2 were reached flowering stage later than Moshidou Gong 503 and Williams 82. Longer time for growth stages of Fukuyutaka, Kohamadaizu and Norin 2 was resulting in high plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, number of leaves and dry matter weight. The amount of fiber content (ADF and NDF) was decreasing as stages developed for Fukuyutaka, Kohamadaizu and Norin 2. In another hand, fiber content of Moshidou Gong 503 and Williams 82 was increased as stages increasing. The CP weight was increased as advancing growth stages for all cultivars. Conclusion: Fukuyutaka and Kohamadaizu could be suitable in the utilization of soybean forage for feed livestock in the temperate low warm region in Japan.
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Extreme genetic signatures of local adaptation during Lotus japonicus colonization of Japan Reviewed
Shah N., Wakabayashi T., Kawamura Y., Skovbjerg C.K., Wang M.Z., Mustamin Y., Isomura Y., Gupta V., Jin H., Mun T., Sandal N., Azuma F., Fukai E., Seren Ü., Kusakabe S., Kikuchi Y., Nitanda S., Kumaki T., Hashiguchi M., Tanaka H., Hayashi A., Sønderkær M., Nielsen K.L., Schneeberger K., Vilhjalmsson B., Akashi R., Stougaard J., Sato S., Schierup M.H., Andersen S.U.
Nature Communications 11 ( 1 ) 2020.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Nature Communications
© 2020, The Author(s). Colonization of new habitats is expected to require genetic adaptations to overcome environmental challenges. Here, we use full genome re-sequencing and extensive common garden experiments to investigate demographic and selective processes associated with colonization of Japan by Lotus japonicus over the past ~20,000 years. Based on patterns of genomic variation, we infer the details of the colonization process where L. japonicus gradually spread from subtropical conditions to much colder climates in northern Japan. We identify genomic regions with extreme genetic differentiation between northern and southern subpopulations and perform population structure-corrected association mapping of phenotypic traits measured in a common garden. Comparing the results of these analyses, we find that signatures of extreme subpopulation differentiation overlap strongly with phenotype association signals for overwintering and flowering time traits. Our results provide evidence that these traits were direct targets of selection during colonization and point to associated candidate genes.
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Replacement of soybean meal with levels of inclusion of soya waste in the diet of growing goats Reviewed
Rahman M.M., Abdullah R.B., Mat K.B., Ishigaki G., Nor M.M., Akashi R.
Tropical Animal Health and Production 52 ( 6 ) 3085 - 3090 2020.11
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Tropical Animal Health and Production
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of replacing soybean meal with soya waste at different levels on intake, digestibility and growth in goats. Eighteen male goat kids with initial body weight (BW) of 13.0 kg were distributed equally to three dietary groups. They were fed Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and concentrate mixture, and each goat was assigned to an individual pen. Soybean meal in the concentrate mixture was replaced with soya waste at 0% (T1), 50% (T2) and 100% (T3) levels in respective dietary groups. These diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Results showed that animals fed T3 diet exhibited higher Napier grass intake than those fed T1 or T2 diet. There was no influence on total intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), metabolic BW, per cent BW and metabolisable energy by the dietary groups. However, there was an increasing trend on intake and digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) with increasing levels of soya waste in the diets. Animals fed T3 diet showed higher intake and digestibility of NDF than those fed T1 diet. There was no influence of the dietary groups on digestibilities of DM, OM and CP. Similarly, there was no effect of them on the final BW, total BW gain, daily BW gain, feed conversion ratio and feed cost. Soya waste can replace 100% soybean meal in diets for growing goats, because no change was observed in nutrient intake, digestibility and growth performance; inclusion of soya waste enhanced the intake and digestibility of NDF.
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Comparative analysis of seed proteome of Glycine max and Glycine soja Reviewed
Hashiguchi T., Hashiguchi M., Tanaka H., Gondo T., Akashi R.
Crop Science 60 ( 3 ) 1530 - 1540 2020.5
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Crop Science
Soybean, a globally important grain legume, contains large amounts of proteins, lipids, and secondary metabolites and, when ingested, has a wide array of physiological functions that may improve human health. In the development of cultivated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] with improved abiotic and biotic stress resistance, high yield, and seed quality, wild soybean (Glycine soja Siebold & Zucc.) has been an excellent source of germplasm, owing to its genetic diversity. Although genomic differences between the two species have been intensively studied, the differences in seed protein expression remain poorly understood. In the present study, we used a shotgun proteomic comparative analysis approach to further characterize the seed proteome in cultivated and wild soybean. Protamine sulfate-mediated precipitation successfully decreased the levels of two major proteins that had previously masked the detection of low-abundant proteins. We identified 65 differentially expressed proteins between the two species, with 39 proteins expressed more highly in G. soja and 26 proteins expressed more highly in G. max. Among these proteins, various stress tolerance-related proteins were found in wild soybean, perhaps reflecting its adaptation to diverse ecological conditions. Cultivated soybean expressed high levels of sucrose and lipid biosynthesis proteins, and this was also confirmed at the transcriptional level. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that cellular and metabolic process was the functional category most frequently linked to the differentially expressed proteins. These data provide valuable information that will contribute to a better understanding of soybean seed biology and help to promote G. max breeding for improved agronomic traits using wild relatives.
DOI: 10.1002/csc2.20131
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Puspasari R., Hashiguchi M., Ushio R., Ishigaki G., Tanaka H., Akashi R.
Plant and Soil 446 ( 1-2 ) 613 - 625 2020.1
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Plant and Soil
© 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Aim: “Super-Root” (SR) is a fast-growing root culture established in the legume forage species Lotus corniculatus that displays vigorous growth and high embryogenic capacity, uniquely allowing for continuous root cloning, direct somatic embryogenesis, and mass regeneration of plants under hormone-free culture conditions. This study’s primary aim was to verify the possibility of introducing the SR trait to another legume species as a means of enhancing root traits. Our previous research produced a F1-generation hybrid between the colchicine-doubled form of the diploid Lotus japonicus ‘Miyakojima’ MG-20 and SR-derived Lotus corniculatus. The current study’s focus was to evaluate the root phenotype of the F2-generation to confirm the introduction of SR characteristics to Lotus japonicus. Methods: We assessed 242 rooted F2-hybrid progeny using cluster analysis, concentrating on four morphological root traits: root fresh weight, total root length, maximum root length, and root diameter. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to determine the correlations among eight traits of the F2-progeny of the WinRhizo root morphological measurement data and to identify what traits contributed most to their root variation. Results: The 242-hybrid progeny and both parents were grouped into eight different clusters using a similarity phenogram. One cluster consisted of lines 36, 82, 86 and 184 that considerably exceeded the RFW, TRL, and MRL values of the L. japonicus and SR parents. Conclusion: The results confirmed the introduction of SR traits to the F2-hybrid progeny and identified potential candidates for breeding and gene isolation that will be conducted to expand the scope of this research.
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Oxalate and silica contents of seven varieties of napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) Reviewed
Rahman M.M., Norshazwani M.S., Gondo T., Maryana M.N., Akashi R.
South African Journal of Animal Sciences 50 ( 3 ) 397 - 402 2020
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:South African Journal of Animal Sciences
Oxalate and silica are considered antinutrients. Large quantities of oxalate and silica in plants can interfere with the uptake of essential minerals in ruminants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the total silica and oxalate contents of seven varieties of Napier grass to find out which is best for cultivation. Taiwan, Zanzibar, Pakchong, Purple, Kobe, Indian, and Dwarf Napier grass were grown in a completely randomized design with three replications to determine their soluble oxalate, total oxalate, and silica contents. Plants were harvested at two months of plant maturity. Whole plant of the Dwarf Napier grass contained significantly higher soluble oxalate content than tall varieties. Total oxalate content in whole plant differed significantly among varieties. Dwarf showed the highest total oxalate content (3.23% dry matter (DM)) followed by Kobe (2.61%), Zanzibar (2.60%), Purple (2.44%), Taiwan (2.43%), Indian (2.15%), and Pakchong (1.95%). Regardless of variety, leaf tissue contained significantly higher soluble oxalate and total oxalate than stem tissue. There were no differences in silica content among them. In conclusion, the tall varieties could produce lower levels of soluble oxalate than the Dwarf variety, whereas silica content might not vary among them.
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Rahman M.M., Ismail S.N.B., Mat K., Gondo T., Nor M.M., Akashi R.
Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 43 ( 4 ) 609 - 619 2020
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science
The beneficial effects of feeding rabbits with forages have been recommended. However, limited study has been made on feeding values of locally available forages in rabbits. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Asyastasia gangetica and Brachiaria decunbens on intake, digestibility, and growth performance of rabbits. Twelve rabbits were distributed into three diets: (i) 100% commercial pellet as control (T1), (ii) 50% pellet plus Asyastasia gangetica ad libitum (T2), and (iii) 50% pellet plus Brachiaria decumbens ad libitum (T3). Daily feed intake, nutrient digestibility, weekly body weight, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. Intakes of total dry matter (DM) (121.2-134.3 g/d) and organic matter (OM) (115.1-132.5 g/d) were similar (p>0.05) for all the groups. The crude protein (CP) intake of rabbits fed with T1 (10.1 g/d) and T3 (9.6 g/d) diets was similar (p>0.05), but lower (p<0.05) than T2 (14.1 g/d) diet. Ether extract intake of rabbits fed with T2 (2.9 g/d) and T3 (3.9 g/d) diets was similar (p>0.05), but lower (p<0.05) than T1 (5.1 g/d) diet. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) intake was higher (p<0.05) for rabbits fed with T3 (55.8 g/d) diet followed by T2 (41.7 g/d) and T1 (31.7 g/d) diets. There were no differences (p>0.05) on the digestibilities of DM, OM, and CP among treatments. Total weight gain and daily weight gain were higher (p<0.05) for rabbits fed with T1 (568 and 11.0 g) and T2 (468 and 9.0 g) diets than T3 (155 and 3.3 g) diet, respectively. The lowest FCR was obtained with T1 (12.3) and T2 (13.9) diets, whereas the highest was obtained with T3 (30.3) diet. In conclusion, diet containing Asyastasia gangetica showed more benefits in terms of CP and NDF intakes, weight gain and FCR than the diet containing Brachiaria decumbens. A combination of concentrate and Asyastasia gangetica is recommended as a partial replacement for concentrate in rabbit production.
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Arifin A., Gondo T., Akashi R.
Plant Biotechnology 36 ( 4 ) 233 - 240 2019.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Plant Biotechnology
© 2019 The Japanese Society for Plant Cell and Molecular Biology. The application of useful genes from model plants to crops is an important step to verify its agricultural usefulness. SYNC1, an asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase gene, was previously identified through the Full-length cDNA Over-eXpressor gene (FOX gene-hunting system) of Arabidopsis cDNA by using super-growing root (SR) culture of Lotus corniculatus, and was suggested to have a potential in increasing some amino acid contents and plant biomass. To identify the functionality of SYNC1 gene in a typical legume crop soybean, the effects of its overexpression in transgenic plants to agricultural traits and free amino acid contents were evaluated. The transgenic soybean plants were produced from infected half-seed explants of 1 day old seedlings with the suspension of Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring expression vector pB7WG2D-SYNC1. The transgenic plants that overexpressed SYNC1 gene had increased asparagine and lysine contents in matured seeds, and increased aspartate, lysine, alanine and histidine contents in germinated seeds. The changes in those free amino acid contents affected plant morphology and led to significant increase in plant length, number of branches and number of branch nodes as yield components of soybean. The transgenic plants also showed a tendency of higher number of pods, seeds and total seed weight per plant. These results showed that the overexpression of SYNC1 gene contributes on the increase of plant free amino acid contents and biomass, and this approach is expected to be applicable in other legumes, grain and forage crops.
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Prasojo Y., Ishigaki G., Fukuyama K., Akashi R.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 387 ( 1 ) 2019.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. Tropical grasses mainly utilized in southwestern Japan exhibited that the dry matter yield is increased as the growth stage. However, the nutritive value, such as crude protein (CP) and non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) decreased strikingly. Therefore, breeding for the new grass or crops with high potential as protein source is an urgent problem. The aim of the study were to investigate the dry matter yield of two soybean cultivars ('Miyakonojo' and 'Williams82') with Rhodes grass as living mulch plant after 1st cutting and to investigate the nutritive value of the silage. The growth of the Rhodes grass hampered the growth of soybean at the initial and the subsequent growth stages. Hence, the dry matter yield of soybean ranged from 9.8 kg/10a to 26.6 kg/10a, correspond to about 3 to 10% of total dry matter yield. The nutritive value of EE, CA and CP in Rhodes grass with soybean silage higher than those of Rhodes grass silage. These results suggest that the addition of soybean biomass could be useful for increasing the nutrition value of silage. Moreover, it is necessary to choose an appropriate sowing date to increase dry matter yield of soybean biomass in southwestern of Japan.
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Rahman M., Syafieqa N., Mohd Diah N., Gondo T., Khalif R., Akashi R.
Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 7 ( 5 ) 538 - 543 2019.10
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales
© 2019. Growth characteristics, biomass yield and mineral concentrations were evaluated in a completely randomized design study of 7 Napier grass varieties. Data on tiller number per plant, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, leaf:stem ratio and dry matter (DM) yield, as well as concentrations of nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, zinc, copper, manganese and iron, were obtained at 2 months growth. The growth characteristics, DM yields and mineral concentrations (except phosphorus) varied significantly (P<0.01) among varieties. The variety Indian was tallest (221 cm) and produced the highest DM yield (6.3 t/ha), whereas Dwarf had the highest tiller number and leaf:stem ratio. Purple had the longest and Taiwan and Indian the widest leaves. Kobe, Pakchong and Purple had the greatest stem diameter. Concentrations of Ca, K and Na were greatest in Zanzibar, while Dwarf had the highest concentrations of N, Zn, Mn and Fe. Studies beyond the establishment phase over a range of seasons and in a range of environments at different ages of harvest are needed to confirm the merits of different Napier grass varieties in the study zone.
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ISHIGAKI Genki, PRASOJO Yogi Sidik, NITTHAISONG Pattama, FUKUYAMA Kiichi, AKASHI Ryo
日本暖地畜産学会報 62 ( 1 ) 25 - 30 2019.7
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:日本暖地畜産学会
This study demonstrates the evaluation of the drying rate of different plant parts (leaf blade and stem) under the artificial-drying and the drying rate in whole plants under the sun-drying process using the newly-bred tetraploid ruzigrass (<i>Urochloa ruziziensis</i>: TR) and rhodesgrass (<i>Chloris gayana</i>: CG). For morphological traits, TR had significantly thicker stems, wider leaf blades, and shorter leaf blades compared to CG (<i>P</i> <<i> </i>0.001). Both grass species exhibited a greater stem diameter (<i>P</i> <<i> </i>0.05), leaf blade width (<i>P</i> <<i> </i>0.001) and leaf blade length (<i>P</i> <<i> </i>0.001) after 2nd cutting compared to the 1st cutting. CG showed a higher rate of leaf parts than TR in the 1st and 2nd cutting, though the differences were not significant. The stem part of both grasses took longer to dry than the leaf part in the 1st and 2nd cutting. Addionally, the differences between TR and CG in the stem parts are smaller than that of the leaf parts. Coefficient analyses revealed that the thinner and longer leaf part, the quicker the drying rate. Additionally, the drying rate was not influenced by fresh matter yield or the ratio of leaf parts but by the temperature in the daytime.
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Nitthaisong P., Ishigaki G., Suenaga K., Muguerza M., Tanaka H., Akashi R.
Crop Science 59 ( 4 ) 1648 - 1656 2019.7
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Crop Science
© 2019 The Author(s). Urochloa species are a rich source of quality forage in the tropical and subtropical areas, and cultivated species are predominantly facultative apomictic. They are well adapted to poor soil conditions, resistant to heavy grazing, and drought tolerant, but some Urochloa species produce poor pasture and seed yield. Therefore, it is important to complement and to combine characteristics of different species in breeding programs. We have conducted interspecific crosses between diploid U. ruziziensis (R. Germ. & C. M. Evrard) Crins ‘Kennedy’ (2n = 2x = 18) with apomictic tetraploids U. decumbens (Stapf) R. D. Webster ‘Basilisk’ (2n = 4x = 36) and U. brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. D. Webster ‘Marandu’ (2n = 4x = 36). Diploid, triploid, and tetraploid plants were obtained from these crosses. The triploid plants were further crossed with ‘Basilisk’ to produce a BC1F1 generation. Although no seeds were produced by self-pollination of the F1 triploid hybrids, backcrossing eventually produced triploid, tetraploid, and pentaploid plants (BC1F1). Only the pentaploid plants produced seeds by self-pollination. This is the first report of the production of apomictic pentaploid progenies from interspecific crosses in Urochloa.
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Turf quality trait and genetic fingerprinting of a new zoysiagrass cultivar in Japan Turf quality trait and genetic fingerprinting of a new zoysiagrass cultivar in Japan
Pattamavadee Kunwanlee, Hidenori Tanaka, Takayasu Inoue, Masatsugu Hashiguchi, Melody Muguerza, Ryo Akashi
Journal of Japanese Society of Turfgrass Science 47 ( 1 ) 15 - 24 2018.10
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Lotus japonicus Genetic, Mutant, and Germplasm Resources Reviewed
Hashiguchi M., Tanaka H., Muguerza M., Akashi R., Sandal N., Andersen S., Sato S.
Current protocols in plant biology 3 ( 2 ) 2018.6
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Current protocols in plant biology
Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. A quarter of a century has passed since Lotus japonicus was proposed as a model legume because of its suitability for molecular genetic studies. Since then, a comprehensive set of genetic resources and tools has been developed, including recombinant inbred lines, a collection of wild accessions, published mutant lines, a large collection of mutant lines tagged with LORE1 insertions, cDNA clones with expressed sequence tag (EST) information, genomic clones with end-sequence information, and a reference genome sequence. Resource centers in Japan and Denmark ensure easy access to data and materials, and the resources have greatly facilitated L. japonicus research, thereby contributing to the molecular understanding of characteristic legume features such as endosymbiosis. Here, we provide detailed instructions for L. japonicus cultivation and describe how to order materials and access data using the resource center websites. The comprehensive overview presented here will make L. japonicus more easily accessible as a model system, especially for research groups new to L. japonicus research. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
DOI: 10.1002/cppb.20070
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Ishigaki G., Nitthaisong P., Prasojo Y., Kobayashi I., Fukuyama K., Rahman M., Akashi R.
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 31 ( 5 ) 748 - 754 2018.5
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
Copyright © 2018 by Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. Objective: The preference evaluation of cattle is an important factor for estimation and improvement of the grazing amounts of newly introduced or bred grasses or cultivars in barn. This study was performed to assess the grazing behavior (the amount of grazing and/or the grazing speed) of cattle as indirect method using newly bred Brachiaria ruziziensis tetraploid strain ‘OKI1’(BR) hay as treatment group and Cloris gayana ‘Callide’ (CG) hay as control group. It also compared the feasibility of using behavioral differences between two groups as one criteria for evaluating preference by Japanese black cattle in barn. Methods: Three experiments were carried out using 12 growing Japanese Black cattle including 6 males and 6 females. In each experiment, the four Japanese Black cattle (2 males and 2 females) were placed in separated stall and allowed to graze BR and CG in manger that was separated into two portions for about 30 min. The position and behavior of the cattle were recorded, and weighed the residual of each gay at 15 and 30 minutes after experiment start. Results: The BR was superior to CG in chemical composition such as protein, fibers and nonfibrous carbohydrate. The cattle, over all, tended to prefer BR over CG in the first half 15 minutes in terms of the time spent and amount of grazing. Additionally, growing cattle exhibited neophilia for BR bred newly. Conclusion: These findings indicated the current approach could be applied for one of criteria to evaluate the preference of hay by Japanese black cattle under indoor housing environment.
DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0543
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Wee C., Hashiguchi M., Ishigaki G., Muguerza M., Oba C., Abe J., Harada K., Akashi R.
Plant Genetic Resources: Characterisation and Utilisation 16 ( 2 ) 94 - 102 2018.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Plant Genetic Resources: Characterisation and Utilisation
© NIAB 2017. Seed composition, including the protein, lipid and sucrose contents of 334 accessions of wild soybean(Glycine soja) collected in Japan, was evaluated using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS) technology. The distribution of protein, lipid and sucrose contents and correlations amongthese three classes of seed components were determined. Protein, lipid and sucrose levels ranged inaccessions from 48.6 to 57.0, 9.0 to 14.3 and 1.24 to 3.53%, respectively. Ave rage levels of protein,lipid and sucrose in the accessions were 54, 11 and 2.5%, respectively. High negative correlationswere observed between the protein and lipid contents, and the protein and sucrose contents. Meanlevels of the three constituents were compared among collection sites classified by climatic conditions.The total protein content of accessions from regions with a high annual mean temperature washigh. The protein content of accessions from the II-1 region was higher than those from the III-3region, and the sucrose content from the II-1 region was lower than those from regions III-2 andIV-3. The lipid content of plants from the II-1 region was lower than those from other regions,and the accessions in region II had a higher protein content and lower sucrose and lipid contentsthan the other regions. These results provide diverse and wide-ranged protein, lipid and sucrosecontents information of Japanese wild soybean resources according to climatic region; thus, providinga foundation for the future development and selection of new soybean varieties with desiredtraits in global environmental changes.
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Compaction Resistance of some species in Tropical grasses Reviewed
ISHIGAKI Genki, NITTHAISONG Pattama, AKASHI Ryo, FUKUYAMA Kiichi
Nihon Danchi Chikusan Gakkaihou 61 ( 1 ) 27 - 32 2018
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Warm Regional Society of Animal Science, Japan
Heavy field equipment contributes to plant compaction and soil compaction. These phenomena impede many physiological deteriorations in tiller generation, leaf elongation and root activities and cause stunting and yield loss in grasses. We conducted a comparative study between two <i>Brachiaria</i> grasses (<i>B. ruziziensis</i> and <i>B. brizantha</i>) and rhodes grass (<i>Chloris gayana</i>). Compact pressure was conducted by one side wheel of agricultural machinery (gross weight: 2.7 t) for three times. The tolerance capacity of the three tropical grasses was investigated in terms of plant length, stem diameter, leaf emergence speed, the transition of the number of tillers and dry matter yield. For plant length and stem diameter, a significant difference (<i>P</i> < 0.05) was recognized between compaction treatment and non-compaction treatment in rhodes grass. The leaf emergence speed was decreased under compaction treatment in palisade grass significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05). For the number of tiller regenerated, rhodes grass showed the highest value among grasses. On the other hand, ruzi grass and palisade grass exhibited the vigorous generation of new tillers after first cutting regardless of compaction treatment. The amount of second dry matter yield of three grasses were ordered as follows: palisade grass > ruzi grass > rhodes grass although the differences were not significant. In conclusion, these tropical grasses varied the responses against the compact pressure because of the differences of plant part influenced and the degree, and the different approach for the maintenance the number of tillers. Additionally, ruzi grass and palisade grass were more superior than rhodes grass, indicating that these new introduced forage grasses can be useful as an annual forage production under agricultural machinery system.
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Kunwanlee P., Tanaka H., Hashiguchi M., Gondo T., Muguerza M., Inoue T., Akashi R.
Crop Science 57 ( 6 ) 3310 - 3318 2017.11
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Crop Science
© Crop Science Society of America. Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr. is a homoploid turfgrass that possesses intermediate traits between Z. japonica Steudel and Z. pacifica (Goudswaard) M. Hotta and Kuroki [syn. Z. matrella (L.) Merr. var. pacifica Goudswaard]. Consequently, it contributes to the growing range of variation that exists within this species. Self-pollination reduces genetic load and can express genetic variance, enabling easy identification and selection for desired traits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of self-pollination of Z. matrella ‘Wakaba’ on morphological traits, genetic structure, and the possible selection of lines with superior traits in S1 progeny. Nine morphological characteristics (plant height, leaf width and length, stolon diameter and internode length, inflorescence number, ground covering, normalized difference vegetation index, and leaf color) were evaluated in the 364 S1 progeny. We have obtained S1 progeny exhibiting wide variation in morphological characteristics and moderate inbreeding depression in almost all traits after self-pollination. To infer genetic structure, a total of 26 simple sequence repeat markers were used, and Bayesian-based structure analysis grouped the progeny into three clusters. Genetic markers revealed that the level of homozygosity increased in S1 progeny caused by inbreeding. Superior progeny that exhibited high ground covering, late winter dormancy, and stay green throughout the entire winter season were selected. Self-pollination can be used for the selection of desirable traits from highly heterozygous species such as Z. matrella. Moreover, we expect that these superior progeny could be used in further study on quantitative trait loci analysis.
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Hashiguchi M., Puspasari R., Suematsu Y., Muguerza M., Tanaka H., Suzuki A., Hoffmann F., Akashi R.
Crop Science 57 ( 5 ) 2387 - 2394 2017.7
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Crop Science
© Crop Science Society of America. Super-roots (SR), a unique in vitro cloning system of fast and continuously growing roots, has been isolated from self-incompatible Lotus corniculatus L. The objective of this research was to develop self-fertile SR plants by hybridizing SR forms of tetraploid L. corniculatus (2n = 4x = 24) with cholchicine-doubled forms of the diploid, self-fertile L. japonicus (Regel) K. Larsen (2n = 2x = 12) species. Tetraploid forms of L. japonicus ‘Miyakojima’ MG-20 (MG-20) were induced by treating seeds with 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2% (w/v) colchicine solutions for 12 or 24 h. The rate of tetraploidization as determined by flow cytometry was most efficient at the lowest colchicine concentration for both treatment durations. Induced tetraploids of MG-20 had thicker stems with larger flowers and leaves compared with diploid forms of MG-20. Seeds produced by tetraploid MG-20 were also larger than those of the diploids; however, pod lengths and grain numbers were reduced. Two putative F 1 –interspecific hybrid plants were recovered, using embryo rescue, from hand-pollinated crosses between tetraploid forms of MG-20 and SR. The F 1 –interspecific hybrids displayed morphological features that were intermediate between the parental species. The root-growth rate of hybrid-derived root cultures was slightly reduced compared with the original SR. The hybrid plants are self-compatible and able to produce seeds. The interspecific hybrids obtained in this study demonstrate the potential to combine self-fertility and SR traits in Lotus forage breeding programs.
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Asanuma Y., Gondo T., Ishigaki G., Inoue K., Zaita N., Muguerza M., Akashi R.
GM Crops and Food 8 ( 2 ) 106 - 116 2017.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:GM Crops and Food
© 2017 Taylor & Francis. Japan imports cottonseed mainly from Australia and the USA where more than 96% of all cotton varieties grown are genetically modified (GM). GM crops undergo an environmental risk assessment (ERA) under the Law Concerning the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biological Diversity before import into Japan. Potential adverse effects on biodiversity are comprehensively assessed based on competitiveness, production of harmful substances and outcrossing ability. Even though imported cottonseed is intended for food and feed uses and not for cultivation, the potential risks from seed spillage during transport must be evaluated. In most cases, the ERA requires data collected from in-country field trials to demonstrate how the GM crop behaves in Japan's environment. Confined field trials in Japan were conducted for the ERA of Lepidoptera-resistant and glufosinate-tolerant GM cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lines GHB119 and T304-40. These lines were compared with conventional varieties for growth habit, morphological characteristics, seed dormancy, and allelopathic activity associated with competitiveness and production of harmful substances. Outcrossing ability was not a concern due to the absence of sexually compatible wild relatives in Japan. Although slight statistical differences were observed between the GM line and its conventional comparator for some morphological characteristics, transgenes or transformation were not considered to be responsible for these differences. The trial demonstrated that competitiveness and production of harmful substances by these GM cotton lines were equivalent to conventional cotton varieties that have a long history of safe use, and no potential adverse effects to biosafety in Japan were observed.
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Nitthaisong P., Ishigaki G., Fukuyama K., Akashi R.
Grassland Science 63 ( 2 ) 79 - 84 2017.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Grassland Science
© 2017 Japanese Society of Grassland Science Tropical grasses with high forage quality and biomass could be grown as annuals in warm subtropical regions as an additional source of feedstock. For sustainable forage production, it is also vital to know the interactions between plant and weed for the selection of promising alternating forage grass. Brachiaria grass has been used as source of high quality forage in the tropics, and this could be developed as a promising forage grass species in this region. Therefore, this study compared the agronomic traits, productivity, and dominance to weeds in six Brachiaria cultivars with two rhodesgrass cultivars in southwestern Kyushu, Japan. This study was evaluated twice from spring to autumn in 2012. Most Brachiaria cultivars grew more vigorously than the two rhodesgrass cultivars during early seedling development in 2012. Except for ‘Llanero’, all Brachiaria cultivars had a higher dry matter yield than the two rhodesgrass cultivars. Notably, ‘Kennedy’ had the highest dry matter yield of 9.5 t ha −1 at the second cutting, resulting from substantial regrowth after the first cutting. However, two Brachiaria cultivars and one rhodesgrass cultivar evaluated in 2014 were not significantly different. Except ‘Llanero’, biomass percentage in all Brachiaria cultivars ranged from 57 to 81% at the first cutting. Subsequently, the value for the second cutting increased more than 90%. There was a significant positive correlation (P < 0.01) between dominance to weeds and growth in the early stage, indicating that the vigorous growth of Brachiaria grasses, during the early stage was superior to that of weeds in their competition. In addition, Brachiaria ruziziensis and Brachiaria decumbens could be introduced as new variety in temperate low warm region, Japan.
DOI: 10.1111/grs.12151
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Rahman M., Rahman R., Niimi M., Khadijah W., Akashi R., Abdullah R.
Sains Malaysiana 46 ( 4 ) 515 - 520 2017.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Sains Malaysiana
An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of oxalic acid administration on feed intake and nutrient digestibility in goats. Four female cross bred (Boer × local) goats (average body weight of 46.3 kg) were randomly assigned to four experimental diets including oxalic acid administration at levels of 0, 2.25, 4.50 and 6.75 g/animal/d in a 4×4 Latin Square design. Oxalic acid diluted with water was administered orally via syringe to experimental goats once daily for four experimental periods. Each experimental period was lasted 21 d in length, comprising 14 d of adaptation to the experimental diet followed by 7 d of data collection. All the animals were individually fed with Napier grass ad libitum supplemented with 300 g (fresh basis) pelleted compound feed per goat per day throughout the study. Feed composition, feed intake, nutrient intake and nutrient digestibility were determined. Intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and metabolisable energy tended to linearly decrease with the increasing rate of oxalic acid administration, with the value in the 6.75 g oxalic acid/animal/d treatment being significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the control (0 g oxalic acid/animal/d) treatment. The oxalic acid administration had no effect on apparent digestibilities of DM, OM, CP and NDF. The experiment demonstrated that oxalic acid administration may influence in the DM and nutrient intakes, but not influence on DM and nutrient digestibilities in goats.
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Fatty acid composition and distribution in wild soybean (Glycine soja) seeds collected in Japan Reviewed
Wee C., Hashiguchi M., Anai T., Suzuki A., Akashi R.
Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 16 ( 2 ) 52 - 64 2017.3
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Asian Journal of Plant Sciences
© 2017 Chi-Do Wee et al. Background: Understanding the distribution of fatty acids in wild soybean accession collected in Japan and the relationship of geographic and environmental factors in the accumulation of fatty acids is fundamental for using the wild accessions as resources for the future development and selection of new soybean varieties with desired traits. Materials and Methods: The fatty acid composition of seeds from 319 wild soybean (Glycine soja) accessions collected in Japan were evaluated using gas chromatography. Results: The distributions of palmitate (16:0), stearate (18:0), oleate (18:1), linoleate (18:2) and α-linolenate (18:3) in seeds were determined for each accession. Significant inverse correlations were observed between the oleate and α-linolenate contents and the linoleate and α-linolenate contents. Moreover, a weak inverse correlation between the stearate and α-linolenate contents was indicated and an inverse correlation between the palmitate and linoleate contents was also found. The total palmitate content and total stearate content of Glycine soja collected from regions with high annual temperatures were high and the total α-linolenate content of Glycine soja collected from regions with a low annual temperature was high. Conclusion: These results provide diverse and wide-ranged fatty acid information of Japanese wild soybean resources according to climatic region for improving of new soybean varieties in global environmental changes.
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Gondo T., Umami N., Muguerza M., Akashi R.
Plant Biotechnology 34 ( 3 ) 143 - 150 2017
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Plant Biotechnology
© 2017 The Japanese Society for Plant Cell and Molecular Biology. Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) is a highly productive C4 tropical forage grass that has been targeted as a potential bioenergy crop. To further increase the efficiency of bioethanol production by molecular breeding, a reliable protocol for genetically transforming napier grass is essential. In this study, we report the creation of transgenic napier grass plants derived from embryogenic callus cultures of shoot apices. Embryogenic callus was initiated in three accessions of napier grass and a napier grass×pearl millet hybrid using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 0.5 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 50 µM copper sulfate (CuSO4). Of the accessions tested, a dwarf type with late-heading (DL line) had the best response for embryogenic callus formation. Highly regenerative calli that formed dense polyembryogenic clusters were selected as target tissues for transformation. A plasmid vector, pAHC25, containing an herbicide-resistance gene (bar) and the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene was used in particle bombardment experiments. Target tissues treated with 0.6 M osmoticum were bombarded, and transgenic plants were selected under 5.0 mg L-1 bialaphos selection. Although a total of 1400 target tissues yielded nine GUS-positive bialaphos-resistant calli, only one transgenic line that was derived from target tissue with the shortest culture term produced four transgenic plants. Thus, the length of time that the target tissue is in callus culture was one of the most important factors for acquiring transgenic plants in napier grass. This is the first report of successfully producing transgenic napier grass plants.
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Nakamura K., Kondo K., Akiyama H., Ishigaki T., Noguchi A., Katsumata H., Takasaki K., Futo S., Sakata K., Fukuda N., Mano J., Kitta K., Tanaka H., Akashi R., Nishimaki-Mogami T.
Food Chemistry 205 272 - 279 2016.8
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Food Chemistry
© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Identification of transgenic sequences in an unknown genetically modified (GM) papaya (Carica papaya L.) by whole genome sequence analysis was demonstrated. Whole genome sequence data were generated for a GM-positive fresh papaya fruit commodity detected in monitoring using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The sequences obtained were mapped against an open database for papaya genome sequence. Transgenic construct- and event-specific sequences were identified as a GM papaya developed to resist infection from a Papaya ringspot virus. Based on the transgenic sequences, a specific real-time PCR detection method for GM papaya applicable to various food commodities was developed. Whole genome sequence analysis enabled identifying unknown transgenic construct- and event-specific sequences in GM papaya and development of a reliable method for detecting them in papaya food commodities.
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Nakamura K., Kondo K., Akiyama H., Ishigaki T., Noguchi A., Katsumata H., Takasaki K., Futo S., Sakata K., Fukuda N., Mano J., Kitta K., Tanaka H., Akashi R., Nishimaki-Mogami T.
Data in Brief 7 1165 - 1170 2016.6
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Data in Brief
© 2016 The Authors. This article is referred to research article entitled "Whole genome sequence analysis of unidentified genetically modified papaya for development of a specific detection method" (Nakamura et al., 2016) [1].Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection method for unauthorized genetically modified (GM) papaya (Carica papaya L.) line PRSV-YK (PRSV-YK detection method) was developed using whole genome sequence data (DDBJ Sequenced Read Archive under accession No. PRJDB3976). Interlaboratory validation datasets for PRSV-YK detection method were provided. Data indicating homogeneity of samples prepared for interlaboratory validation were included. Specificity and sensitivity test data for PRSV-YK detection method were also provided.
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The complete chloroplast genome sequence of zoysia matrella (L.) Merr. Reviewed
Tanaka H., Hirakawa H., Muguerza M., Hashiguchi M., Tabata S., Akashi R., Sato S.
Crop Science 56 ( 3 ) 1206 - 1212 2016.5
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Crop Science
© Crop Science Society of America. Zoysia Willd. include one of the best-known turfgrasses worldwide owing to its adaptability in a wide range of environments and its tolerance to abiotic stresses including soil salinity, soil acidity, cold, drought, and heat. Here, we report the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr. obtained by a combination of 454 pyrosequencing and Sanger sequencing platforms. The entire chloroplast genome of Zoysia maps as a circular molecule of 135,810 bp built with a quadripartite organization: two inverted repeats (IRs) of 20,960 bp separated by a large single copy (LSC) sequence of 81,306 bp and a small single copy (SSC) sequence of 12,584 bp. The genome contains 131 unique genes, of which 20 are duplicated in the IRs. We identified a total of 42 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers with ≥10 repeated nucleotides. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between Zoysia and Neyraudia. This study identified genes, insertion-deletion (InDel), and SSR markers that may be useful in inferring evolutionary relationships at both the intra-and interspecific levels. Moreover, the Zoysia chloroplast genome sequence will be helpful in understanding phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships with other species in the Poaceae family and the Chloridoideae subfamily and will be valuable for biogenetic engineering, plant breeding, and ecological conservation.
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Sequencing and comparative analyses of the genomes of zoysiagrasses Reviewed
Tanaka H., Hirakawa H., Kosugi S., Nakayama S., Ono A., Watanabe A., Hashiguchi M., Gondo T., Ishigaki G., Muguerza M., Shimizu K., Sawamura N., Inoue T., Shigeki Y., Ohno N., Tabata S., Akashi R., Sato S.
DNA Research 23 ( 2 ) 171 - 180 2016.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:DNA Research
© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Kazusa DNA Research Institute. Zoysia is a warm-season turfgrass, which comprises 11 allotetraploid species (2n = 4x = 40), each possessing different morphological and physiological traits. To characterize the genetic systems of Zoysia plants and to analyse their structural and functional differences in individual species and accessions, we sequenced the genomes of Zoysia species using HiSeq and MiSeq platforms. As a reference sequence of Zoysia species, we generated a high-quality draft sequence of the genome of Z. japonica accession 'Nagirizaki' (334 Mb) in which 59,271 protein-coding genes were predicted. In parallel, draft genome sequences of Z. matrella 'Wakaba' and Z. pacifica 'Zanpa' were also generated for comparative analyses. To investigate the genetic diversity among the Zoysia species, genome sequence reads of three additional accessions, Z. japonica 'Kyoto', Z. japonica 'Miyagi' and Z. matrella 'Chiba Fair Green', were accumulated, and aligned against the reference genome of 'Nagirizaki' along with those from 'Wakaba' and 'Zanpa'. As a result, we detected 7,424,163 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 852,488 short indels among these species. The information obtained in this study will be valuable for basic studies on zoysiagrass evolution and genetics as well as for the breeding of zoysiagrasses, and is made available in the 'Zoysia Genome Database' at http://zoysia.kazusa.or.jp.
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Genetic structure and speciation of zoysiagrass ecotypes collected in Japan Reviewed
Tanaka H., Tokunaga R., Muguerza M., Kitazaki Y., Hashiguchi M., Sato S., Tabata S., Akashi R.
Crop Science 56 ( 2 ) 818 - 826 2016.3
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Crop Science
© Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. Zoysia japonica Steudel, Z. matrella (L.) Merrill, and Z. pacifica (Goudswaard) M. Hotta and Kuroki [syn. Z. matrella (L.) Merr. var. pacifica Goudswaard] are native turfgrass species in Japan and are the most economically important species of this genus. Interspecific crossing within Zoysia is possible because of the similarity in chromosome number (2n = 4x = 40), and ecotypes with intermediate traits are found along species borders. The objectives of this study were to characterize morphological traits and determine genetic variation and population structure among 248 Zoysia accessions that we have collected throughout Japan since 1996. The accessions were classified into three species, Z. japonica, Z. matrella, and Z. pacifica. By using microsatellite markers and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), we detected high genetic diversity among the accessions. Moreover, both PCoA and Bayesian-based Structure analysis revealed two distinct populations represented by Z. japonica and Z. pacifica, while both ancestries were found in Z. matrella. On the basis of these results, we suggest that Z. matrella might represent an interspecific hybrid between Z. japonica and Z. pacifica; however, further research is required to confirm this hypothesis. Differentiation among subpopulations (R ST ) showed a mean value of 0.067 and a mean fixation index of individuals relative to the subpopulations (R IS ) of -0.060. This indicated moderate genetic differentiation and an excess of heterozygotes among the accessions, and probably reflected recent adaptive radiation of the species following polyploidization and hybridization in the presence of ongoing gene flow.
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Monda K., Araki H., Kuhara S., Ishigaki G., Akashi R., Negi J., Kojima M., Sakakibara H., Takahashi S., Hashimoto-Sugimoto M., Goto N., Iba K.
Plant Physiology 170 ( 3 ) 1435 - 1444 2016.3
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Plant Physiology
© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists. All Rights Reserved. The rate of gas exchange in plants is regulated mainly by stomatal size and density. Generally, higher densities of smaller stomata are advantageous for gas exchange; however, it is unclear what the effect of an extraordinary change in stomatal size might have on a plant’s gas-exchange capacity. We investigated the stomatal responses to CO2 concentration changes among 374 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ecotypes and discovered that Mechtshausen (Me-0), a natural tetraploid ecotype, has significantly larger stomata and can achieve a high stomatal conductance. We surmised that the cause of the increased stomatal conductance is tetraploidization; however, the stomatal conductance of another tetraploid accession, tetraploid Columbia (Col), was not as high as that in Me-0. One difference between these two accessions was the size of their stomatal apertures. Analyses of abscisic acid sensitivity, ion balance, and gene expression profiles suggested that physiological or genetic factors restrict the stomatal opening in tetraploid Col but not in Me-0. Our results show that Me-0 overcomes the handicap of stomatal opening that is typical for tetraploids and achieves higher stomatal conductance compared with the closely related tetraploid Col on account of larger stomatal apertures. This study provides evidence for whether larger stomatal size in tetraploids of higher plants can improve stomatal conductance.
DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01450
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Nitthaisong P., Ishigaki G., Tanaka H., Akashi R.
Crop Science 56 ( 1 ) 312 - 321 2016.1
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Crop Science
© Crop Science Society of America. All rights reserved. The genus Brachiaria contains approximately 100 identified species, including economically important tropical grasses; however, there is not much accessible information about the genetics or genomes of the genus. In this study, we determined the chromosome number and genome size by cytological analysis and flow cytometry, respectively, and estimated the molecular variability using intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers for 28 accessions representing 11 Brachiaria species. The chromosome number of 10 species agreed with previous reports, and the chromosome number for B. xantholeuca was evaluated (2n = 4x = 36) for the first time. Genome size expressed as C values differed among these species (0.89 to 4.02 pg/2C) and increased with increasing ploidy levels. In contrast, the genome size given as a Cx value tended to decrease with increasing ploidy levels in polyploid plants. A total of 441 ISSR fragments were generated with 10 primers to assess the molecular variability of Brachiaria species. All 11 Brachiaria species clustered into three groups with the neighbor-joining (NJ) method. We found no correlation between the clusters and the region from where the plants were collected. Nevertheless, the clustering of accessions was clearly correlated with ploidy level and reproductive mode (sexual and apomictic) except for a few accessions. Furthermore, evolution of the Brachiaria genome and genetic diversity within the genus were discussed.
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Tanaka H., Chotekajorn A., Kai S., Ishigaki G., Hashiguchi M., Akashi R.
Cytologia 81 ( 1 ) 95 - 102 2016
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Cytologia
© 2016 The Japan Mendel Society. Lotus is a leguminous and cosmopolitan genus in the Loteae tribe consisting of more than 200 species. The number of chromosomes has been reported for many Lotus species; however, molecular studies have focused only on a few important species of this genus. The present study was conducted to estimate the genome size and ploidy levels of 28 Lotus accessions, and to identify their genetic diversity using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis. The chromosome number of 16 accessions agreed with previous reports (except for Lotus salsuginosus), while that in 11 accessions were reported here for the first time. The smallest nuclear DNA content was identified in the diploid, Lotus unifoliolatus (0.28±0.01 pg C -1 ). In contrast, the tetraploid, Lotus australis, had a genome size of 1.28±0.03 pg C -1 , representing a five-fold difference in genome size among the Lotus species. When expressed as a per Cx value, Lotus species genome sizes ranged from 0.28 pg Cx -1 in L. unifoliolatus to 0.71 pg Cx -1 in Lotus wrightii, representing a 2.5-fold difference. There was no relationship between genome size and chromosome number or ploidy level; thus, genome size is species specific in the Lotus species. On ISSR analysis, a total of 379 fragments were generated with 12 primers, and all accessions were grouped into four clusters by phylogenetic analysis. The results of this investigation will be useful for plant breeders attempting to expand the genetic variation found in this species by crossbreeding using these resources.
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Yamamoto A., Hashiguchi M., Akune R., Masumoto T., Muguerza M., Saeki Y., Akashi R.
Australian Journal of Botany 64 ( 4 ) 277 - 284 2016
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Australian Journal of Botany
Several zoysiagrasses (Zoysia spp.) have been reported to have leaf-epidermal salt glands, and it has been suggested that salt gland density, salt secretion and salt tolerance are positively correlated. The economically most important Zoysia species are Zoysia japonica Steud., Zoysia matrella Merr., and Zoysia pacifica (Goudswaard) M. Hotta & Kuroki, and among these, Z. matrella is considered to be the most salt-tolerant. In this study, we investigated the salt gland density, and characterised the secretion and accumulation of Na+ of 48 accessions of the three Zoysia species. We did not find any morphological differences in salt glands of Z. japonica and Z. pacifica, but large bicellular salt glands were found only on the adaxial side of Z. matrella. In addition, salt gland density differed significantly within and between the species. Under salt stress, all accessions accumulated and secreted Na+ at different rates. Z. japonica was a salt-accumulating type, whereas Z. matrella and Z. pacifica secreted most of the absorbed salt. However, the correlation between salt gland density and salt accumulation/secretion were not observed. Furthermore, Z. pacifica had the lowest gland density but showed the highest Na+ uptake and a secretion rate similar to most salt-tolerant Z. matrella. These results suggest that response to salt stress, namely, salt accumulation/secretion, is different between species, and that salt gland density and salt secretion are not always positively correlated.
DOI: 10.1071/BT15261
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Nagata M., Yamamoto N., Shigeyama T., Terasawa Y., Anai T., Sakai T., Inada S., Arima S., Hashiguchi M., Akashi R., Nakayama H., Ueno D., Hirsch A., Suzuki A.
Plant and Cell Physiology 56 ( 11 ) 2100 - 2109 2015.11
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Plant and Cell Physiology
© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. Establishment of a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia not only requires sufficient photosynthate, but also the sensing of the ratio of red to far red (R/FR) light. Here, we show that R/FR light sensing also positively influences the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis of a legume and a non-legume through jasmonic acid (JA) and strigolactone (SL) signaling. The level of AM colonization in high R/FR light-grown tomato and Lotus japonicus significantly increased compared with that determined for low R/FR light-grown plants. Transcripts for JA-related genes were also elevated under high R/FR conditions. The root exudates derived from high R/FR light-grown plants contained more (+)-5-deoxystrigol, an AM-fungal hyphal branching inducer, than those from low R/FR light-grown plants. In summary, high R/FR light changes not only the levels of JA and SL synthesis, but also the composition of plant root exudates released into the rhizosphere, in this way augmenting the AM symbiosis.
DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv135
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Rahman M., Rahman M., Nakagawa T., Abdullah R., Khadijah W., Akashi R.
Animal Feed Science and Technology 199 104 - 112 2015.1
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Animal Feed Science and Technology
© 2014 Elsevier B.V. This study evaluated the effects of different levels of soya waste on the intake, growth rates, reproduction and feed conversion efficiency of adult goats, as well as the daily body weight (BW) gain of pre-weaning kids. Two experiments were conducted with Boer crossbred (Boer. ×. local) and Jermasia goats. In experiment (Exp.) 1, 20 goats were divided into four groups (A, B, C and D), with five goats in each group. Groups A, B and C were given soya waste at a rate of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% of BW/day on a dry matter (DM) basis. Group D received soya waste ad libitum. In Exp. 2, 14 Jermasia does were split into a control group and a treatment group, with seven does in each group. The control group was fed pelleted compound feed at a rate of 2.0% of BW/day, and the treatment group was fed soya waste at a rate of 2.0% of BW/day. In both experiments, the animals were offered Napier grass ad libitum. In Exp. 1, with the increased dietary level of soya waste, the animals' grass intake declined, but their intake of total DM and nutrients tended to increase. The intakes of DM, crude protein (CP) and metabolisable energy (ME) were higher (P < . 0.05) in Group C compared to Group A. The digestibility of DM and nutrients also tended to increase with the increased level of soya waste, and the digestibility of DM, organic matter, CP and neutral detergent fibre were higher (P < . 0.05) in Group C compared to Group A. The average daily BW gain increased (P < . 0.05) with the increased dietary level of soya waste. In Exp. 2, the DM and ME intakes of the does were the same in the control and treatment groups. However, the CP intake was higher (P < . 0.05) in the treatment group compared to the animals in the control group. The BW and reproductive performance of the does fed the treatment feed were similar (P > . 0.05) to those fed the control feed. The birth weight of the kids did not differ (P > . 0.05) between the control and treatment groups. However, the BW gain of the pre-weaning kids fed the treatment feed was higher (P < . 0.05) than that of the pre-weaning kids fed the control feed. Based on this 14-month long feeding study, high levels of soya waste (up to 2.0% DM of BW) did not have detrimental effects on the feed intake, weight gain and reproductive performance of goats, suggesting that soya waste supplementation is a viable replacement for scarce feedstuffs, such as grass, and expensive commercially produced compound feed.
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Yano T., Tanaka H., Kurino T., Yamamoto A., Kunitake H., Saeki Y., Akashi R.
Plant Root 9 ( 0 ) 6 - 14 2015
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Plant Root
© 2015, Plant Root (JSRR). To analyze the function of SYNC1, an Arabidopsis asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase gene, the FOX-hunting system using super-growing roots (SR) from the legume species Lotus corniculatus was employed. One transformed line, FSL#121, was compared to parental SR and to an SR line harboring the empty vector (Control), all of which were grown in vivo using vermiculite pots. The level of several free amino acids was higher in FSL#121 than SR. Concomitantly, FSL#121 had a distinct phenotype of greater shoot length, stem diameter and shoot fresh weight compared with SR. Also, the root length, root diameter and fresh root weight were greater in FSL#121 than SR. Furthermore, the greater number of nodules in FSL#121 increased the nitrogen fixation activity per whole plant. Therefore, SYNC1 overexpression caused distinct changes in plant growth, increased the number of root nodules, and may be involved in increasing the amount of free amino acids, especially asparagine.
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Rahman M., Abdullah R., Wan Khadijah W., Nakagawa T., Akashi R.
Journal of Applied Animal Research 43 ( 3 ) 256 - 260 2014.10
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Journal of Applied Animal Research
© 2014 Taylor & Francis. The effect of Napier grass and oil palm frond (OPF) supplemented with soya waste on the intake and growth performance of goats was evaluated. Twelve female cross-bred goats (Boer × local) were divided into three groups and randomly assigned to three experimental diets: (1) Napier grass ad libitum (NG), (2) OPF ad libitum (OPF) and (3) Napier grass ad libitum+ OPF ad libitum (NG-OPF). All goats in each group received soya waste at the rate of 1.3% of their body weight (BW). Dry matter intake per kg unit of BW was higher (P < 0.05) in the NG-OPF diet than in the NG or OPF diets. However, the crude protein intake per kg unit of BW was higher (P < 0.05) in the OPF or NG-OPF diet than in the NG diet. Animals on the OPF diet showed a lower (P < 0.05) daily BW gain followed by the animals on the NG and NG-OPF diets, but no variation (P > 0.05) was observed between the animals on the NG and NG-OPF diets. The results showed that the feeding of NG alone or NG-OPF combination to goats could lead to a better growth rate in these animals compared to feeding them with OPF alone.
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Himuro Y., Ishiyama K., Mori F., Gondo T., Takahashi F., Shinozaki K., Kobayashi M., Akashi R.
Journal of Plant Physiology 171 ( 13 ) 1127 - 1131 2014.8
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Journal of Plant Physiology
Brachypodium distachyon (purple false brome) is a herbaceous species belonging to the grass subfamily Pooideae, which also includes major crops like wheat, barley, oat and rye. The species has been established as experimental model organism for understanding and improving cereal crops and temperate grasses. The complete genome of Bd21, the community standard line of B. distachyon, has been sequenced and protocols for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation have been published. Further improvements to the experimental platform including better evaluation systems for transgenic plants are still needed. Here we describe the growth conditions for Bd21 plants yielding highly responsive immature embryos that can generate embryogenic calli for transformation. A prolonged 20-h photoperiod produced seeds with superior immature embryos. In addition, osmotic treatment of embryogenic calli enhanced the efficiency of transfection by particle bombardment. We generated transgenic plants expressing Arabidopsis thaliana galactinol synthase 2 (AtGolS2) in these experiments. AtGolS2-expressing transgenics displayed significantly improved drought tolerance, increasing with increased expression of AtGolS2. These results demonstrate that AtGolS2 can confer drought tolerance to monocots and confirm that Brachypodium is a useful model to further explore ways to understand and improve major monocot crop species. © 2014 Elsevier GmbH.
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Rahman M., Abdullah R., Wan Khadijah W., Nakagawa T., Akashi R.
Sains Malaysiana 43 ( 7 ) 967 - 971 2014.7
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Sains Malaysiana
The experiment was conducted to determine the feed intake and body weight (BW) change of Boer goats supplemented with a commercial concentrate pellet and combinations of concentrate and soya waste. Twelve male goats were divided into three groups. Each group was randomly allocated to each of the three treatment diets: Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) ad libitum and concentrate pellet at rate of 2.0% of BW, daily (T1); Napier grass ad libitum and concentrate pellet at rate of 1.4% of BW and soya waste at rate of 0.5% of BW, daily (T2) and Napier grass ad libitum and concentrate pellet at rate of 0.9% of BW and soya waste at rate of 0.5% of BW, daily (T3). The results indicated that supplementation of concentrate pellet together with soya waste (T2 or T3) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased intakes of grass dry matter (DM), total DM and total crude protein compared to the solely concentrate pellet group (T1). However, BW gain was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in T2 treatment compared with the T1 or T3 treatments. Supplementation of concentrate pellet with soya waste (T2 or T3) significantly (p < 0.05) improved the feed conversion efficiency and reduced the feed cost of goats compared with solely concentrate pellet group (T1). The results indicated that grass intake and feed cost can be reduced by replacing concentrate pellet with soya waste in the diet of goats where soya waste is available.
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Ishigaki G., Gondo T., Rahman M., Umami N., Akashi R.
Grassland Science 60 ( 1 ) 24 - 30 2014.3
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Grassland Science
Ruzigrass (Brachiaria ruziziensis Germain et Everard cv. Kennedy) is an important forage grass in tropical and sub-tropical areas. Previously, we reported transgenic ruzigrass plants generated by our transformation system were sterile and tetraploid in spite of beginning with diploid plants. This study analyzed ploidy variation in embryogenic calli and the regenerants of diploid ruzigrass. The morphological traits and fertility were also investigated to develop a methodology for the production of stable transgenic lines. Embryogenic calli at different stages (2, 4, 6 and 12-month-old) were regenerated via somatic embryogenesis. An approach of flow cytometry (FCM) analysis was used to determine the ploidy level of embryogenic calli and regenerants of ruzigrass. FCM analysis revealed that embryogenic calli were spontaneously reduplicated at a high frequency and resulting regenerants were polyploids (tetraploid or octoploid), including 15 tetraploid regenerants (68%) and seven octoploid regenerants (32%) derived from 12-month-old embryogenic calli. These regenerants exhibited the morphological variations among different ploidy levels. The viability of pollen grains was significantly (P < 0.01) decreased in tetraploid and octoploid regenerants. Our findings indicated that clarification and resolution of ploidy variation in ruzigrass combined with ploidy level checking using FCM analysis before transformation steps is crucial for plant regeneration in transformed ruzigrass. © 2014 Japanese Society of Grassland Science.
DOI: 10.1111/grs.12040
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Identification of a novel flavonoid glycoside sulfotransferase in Arabidopsis thaliana Reviewed
Hashiguchi T., Sakakibara Y., Shimohira T., Kurogi K., Yamasaki M., Nishiyama K., Akashi R., Liu M., Suiko M.
Journal of Biochemistry 155 ( 2 ) 91 - 97 2014.2
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Journal of Biochemistry
The discovery of sulfated flavonoids in plants suggests that sulfation may play a regulatory role in the physiological functions of flavonoids. Sulfation of flavonoids is mediated by cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs), which utilize 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) as the sulfate donor. A novel SULT from Arabidopsis thaliana, designated AtSULT202B7 (AGI code: At1g13420), was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Using various compounds as potential substrates, we demonstrated, for the first time, that AtSULT202B7 displayed sulfating activity specific for flavonoids. Intriguingly, the recombinant enzyme preferred flavonoid glycosides (e.g. kaempferol-3- glucoside and quercetin-3-glucoside) rather than their aglycone counterparts. Among a series of hydroxyflavones tested, AtSULT202B7 showed the enzymatic activity only for 7-hydroxyflavone. pH-dependency study showed that the optimum pH was relatively low (pH 5.5) compared with those (pH 6.0-8.5) previously reported for other isoforms. Based on the comparison of high performance (pressure) liquid chromatography (HPLC) retention times between sulfated kaempferol and the deglycosylated product of sulfated kaempferol-3-glucoside, the sulfation site in sulfated kaempferol-3-glucoside appeared to be the hydroxyl group of the flavonoid skeleton. In addition, by using direct infusion mass spectrometry, it was found that the sulfated product had one sulfonate group within the molecule. These results indicated that AtSULT202B7 functions as a flavonoid glycoside 7-sulfotransferase. © 2013 The Authors.
DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvt102
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Feed intake and growth performance of goats supplemented with soy waste Reviewed
Rahman M., Nakagawa T., Abdullah R., Embong W., Akashi R.
Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 49 ( 7 ) 554 - 558 2014
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of supplemental feeding of soy waste on the feed intake and growth rate of goats. Twenty male crossbred (Boer x local) goats were assigned to two isonitrogenous diet groups: one of commercial pellet and the other of soy waste. The commercial pellet (1.0%) and soy waste (0.8%) were provided on the dry matter basis of body weight (BW) per day, to the respective group of each diet. The soy waste group had lower daily intakes of total dry matter (0.79 vs. 0.88 kg) and organic matter (665.71 vs. 790.44 g) than the group fed pellet; however, the differences on daily intakes for grass (0.62 vs. 0.64 kg), crude protein (96.81 vs. 96.83 g), and neutral detergent fibre (483.70 vs. 499.86 g) were not significant. No differences were observed between groups for BW gain. The feed conversion ratio and feed cost per kilogram of BW gain were lower for the group fed soy waste than for the one fed pellet. Goats fed supplemental soy waste have a lower total dry matter intake, feed conversion ratio, and feed cost per kilogram of body weight gain than those fed commercial pellets.
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Muguerza M., Gondo T., Ishigaki G., Akashi R.
Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 13 ( 1 ) 8 - 17 2014
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Asian Journal of Plant Sciences
Lignin is generally known as one of the major impediments for utilizing the potential of many forage plants because it limits digestibility and concomitantly, livestock productivity. Warm-season grasses yield high biomass but the digestibility is low due to their high lignin content. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, a key enzyme that catalyzes the last stage in the lignin biosynthesis pathway, has been genetically altered in few grasses to increase their digestibility and forage quality. The aim of this study was to reduce the lignin content in a warm-season grass, bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge), by suppression of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene expression. Using particle bombardment, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene constructs with the antisense and RNAi vector under the control of the maize ubiquitin promoter were introduced into bahiagrass calli. The lignin content in most of the transgenic lines was significantly reduced, although the agronomic characteristics (plant height, leaf length, leaf width, tiller number, heading tiller and dry matter) differed between individuals. The in vitro dry matter digestibility of four of the nine transgenic plant significantly increased by 5.6-10.4% units. These results suggest that the molecular modification of the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene function in the monolignol pathway significantly improved the feeding characteristics of the bahiagrass and that this approach could be used to improve the forage quality of other warm-season grasses. By utilizing their potential, novel cultivars could be developed that are amenable for intensified and sustainable grass forage production. © 2014 Asian Network for Scientific Information.
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Yano Tsubasa, Yamamoto Akihiro, Kunitake Hisato, Saeki Yuichi, Akashi Ryo
Plant Root 8 ( 0 ) 82 - 91 2014
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:根研究学会
For systematic functional analysis of genes, we attempted the application of the FOX-hunting system to super growing-roots (SR) of legume species <i>Lotus corniculatus</i> which was previously reported by Himuro et al. (2011). In this study, we investigated the functional analysis of FSL#35, which was expressed by the <i>rolB</i> gene derived from the <i>Agrobacterium rhizogenes</i> Ri plasmid. In monoculture roots grown in liquid media, the FSL#35 showed specific phenotypes that increased root length, lateral root number and root surface area compared with SR. These enhanced phenotypes of FSL#35 were caused by cell profile alteration, while increased total root length and increased lateral root number were caused by the expansion of cortex cells and increased pericycle cells, respectively. In addition, the FSL#35 root showed high and specific respiration activity compared with SR. These results suggest that distinct cell profiles of FSL#35 were induced by the alteration of respiration activity in root tissue. The enhanced root growth in the FSL#35 root might be induced by alteration of ROS metabolisms. Investigating the details of the <i>rolB</i> gene function, for example by phytohormone analysis, will elucidate the novel benefits of the <i>rolB</i> gene for agriculture.
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Development of a simple detection method for genetically modified papaya PRSV-YK Reviewed
Tanaka Hidenori, Kitazaki Yasuo, Nakamura Kosuke, Akiyama Hiroshi, Akashi Ryo
Breeding Research 16 ( 4 ) 158 - 161 2014
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Japanese Society of Breeding
DOI: 10.1270/jsbbr.16.158
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Spontaneous appearance of polyploids in plants regenerated from embryogenic calli derived from seedling-meristems of ruzigrass (Brachiaria ruziziensis Germain et Everard) Reviewed
Genki Ishigaki, Takahiro Gondo, Mohammad M. Rahman, Nafiatul Umami, Ryo Akashi
Grassland Science 60 24 - 30 2013.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Identification and characterization of a novel kaempferol sulfotransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana Reviewed
Hashiguchi T., Sakakibara Y., Hara Y., Shimohira T., Kurogi K., Akashi R., Liu M., Suiko M.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 434 ( 4 ) 829 - 835 2013.5
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
In plants, flavonoids have been shown to be subjected to conjugation modifications such as glycosylation, methylation, and sulfation. Among these modifications, sulfation is known as an important pathway in the regulation of the levels of endogenous compounds such as steroids. Although a large variety of flavonoid sulfates also exist in plants, the detailed biochemical characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana sulfotransferases (AtSULTs) remains to be fully clarified. We report here that uncharacterized AtSULT202E1 (AGI code: At2g03770), a SULT202E subfamily member, shows the sulfating activity toward flavonoids. The general characteristics of the enzyme were studied on the optimum temperature and pH, the effect of divalent cations, and the thermal stability with kaempferol as substrate. A comparative analysis of the sulfation of flavonoids by AtSULT202E1, AtSULT202B1 and AtSULT202A1 revealed that three AtSULTs have differential substrate specificities. Surprisingly, 3-hydroxyflavone was sulfate d only by AtSULT202A1 while 7-hydroxyflavone was highly sulfated by AtSULT202E1 and AtSULT202B1. These results indicate that flavonols might be sulfated in a position specific manner. In conclusion, our studies indicate that a novel AtSULT202E1 has the sulfating activity toward flavonoids together with AtSULT202B1 and AtSULT202A1. The existence of three flavonoid sulfotransferases in A. thaliana suggests that sulfation of flavonoids have an important role in regulation of their functions. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.
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Identification and characterization of a novel kaempferol sulfotransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Reviewed
Hashiguchi T., Sakakibara Y., Harab Y., Shimohira T., Kurogi K., Akashi R., Liud M-C., Suiko M.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 434 ( 4 ) 829 - 835 2013.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Modification of the total soluble sugar content of the C4 grass Paspalum notatum expressing the wheat-derived sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase and sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase genes Reviewed
Melody Muguerza, Takahiro Gondo, Midori Yoshida, Akira Kawakami, Fumihiro Terami, Toshihiko Yamada, Ryo Akashi
Grassland Science 59 196 - 204 2013.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Feed intake, digestibility and growth performance of goats offered napier grass supplemented with molasses protected palm kernel cake and soya waste Reviewed
Rahman M.M., Abdullah R.B., Wan Khadijah W.W., Nakagawa T., Akashi R.
Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 8 527 - 534 2013.1
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Efficient nursery production and multiple-shoot clumps formation from shoot tiller-derived shoot apices of dwarf napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach). Reviewed
Umami N., Gondo T., Ishigaki G., Rahman M.M., Akashi R.
Journal of Warm Regional Society of Animal Science, Japan 55 121 - 127 2012.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Efficient nursery plant production of dwarf cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica L.) through mass propagation in liquid culture. Reviewed
Umami N., Gondo T., Tanaka H., Rahman M.M., Akashi R.
Grassland Science 58 201 - 207 2012.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Umami N., Gondo T., Tanaka H., Rahman M., Akashi R.
Grassland Science 58 ( 4 ) 201 - 207 2012.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Grassland Science
Dwarf cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica L.) was developed as a dwarf mutant through heavy-ion beam irradiation 7 years ago. The dwarf mutant could be expected to use as a new variety for a cover plant with low maintenance, although it has poor seed fertility. To establish an efficient nursery production system for dwarf cogongrass, we attempted mass propagation of it in liquid culture and investigated the genetic stability of its regenerants. Multiple-shoot clumps (MSCs) were initiated from apical meristems of dwarf cogongrass on Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid medium supplemented with 0.1 mg L -1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2.0 mg L -1 benzylaminopurine (BAP). Mass propagation conditions were established from MSCs cultured in MS liquid medium containing 0.05 mg L -1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg L -1 BAP. The fresh weight of the MSCs per flask increased by more than 16 times in 14 days of liquid culture. Two different sizes of MSCs were produced in liquid culture. When smaller MSCs ( < 2 mm in diameter) were transferred to half-strength hormone-free MS solid medium, plant regeneration occurred at high frequency (93.3%). These tissues showed high regenerative potential with approximately 350 green shoots recovered within 50 days from 60 regenerating clumps. Furthermore, root elongation was vigorous in the regenerants growing in the same medium. Regenerated plants were acclimatized in hydrated Jiffy-7 pellets for 30 days and then grown in soil as nursery plants. The plant height of regenerants was almost the same as original dwarf cogongrass and significantly lower than the wild type plants (P < 0.01). Analysis of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) banding patterns generated using 10 primer combinations showed no major genetic variations among the regenerated plants and original dwarf cogongrass. © 2012 The Authors Grassland Science © 2012 Japanese Society of Grassland Science.
DOI: 10.1111/grs.12001
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Effect of palm kernel cake as protein source in a concentrate diet on intake, digestibility and live weight gain of goats fed Napier grass. Reviewed
Rahman M.M., Abdullah R.B., Wan Embong W.K., Nakagawa T., Akashi R.
Tropical Animal Health and Production 2012.10
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Effect of palm kernel cake as protein source in a concentrate diet on intake, digestibility and live weight gain of goats fed Napier grass Reviewed
3. Rahman M.M., Abdullah R.B., Wan Embong W.K., Nakagawa T., Akashi R
Tropical Animal Health and Production 45 873 - 878 2012.10
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Estimation of genome size of jute (Corchorus capsularis (L.) var. CVL-1 using flow cytometry Reviewed
Akashi R., Fancy N., Tanmoy A., Khan H.
Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology 22 ( 1 ) 83 - 86 2012.7
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology
Genome size is an informative biological marker in understanding its complexity. Moreover, selection of breeding material(s) largely depends on the size of the parental genome. In this study, genome size of one of the most important natural fibers, jute (Corchorus capsularis) is reported. Flow cytometry was used, since it can provide an accurate estimation. The estimated size of the haploid genome (1C) of jute (Corchorus capsularis var. CVL-1) was found to be 274±10.7 MbpC -1 . This information should be helpful to shed more light on the evolutionary history of the genus Corchorus regarding their phylogenetic relationships and chromosomal evolutions as well as selection of breeding material(s) for hybridization.
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Additional cause for reduced JA-Ile in the root of a Lotus japonicus phyB mutant. Reviewed
Shigeyama T., Tominaga A., Arima S., Sakai T., Inada S., Jikumaru Y., Kamiya Y., Uchiumi T., Abe M., Hashiguchi M., Akashi R., Hirsch A.M., Suzuki A.
Plant Signaling Behavior 7 746 - 748 2012.7
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Additional cause for reduced JA-Ile in the root of a Lotus japonicus phyB mutant. Reviewed
Shigeyama T., Tominaga A., Arima S., Sakai T., Inada S., Jikumaru Y., Kamiya Y., Uchiumi T., Abe M., Hashiguchi M., Akashi R., Hirsch A., Suzuki A.
Plant signaling & behavior 7 ( 7 ) 746 - 748 2012.7
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Plant signaling & behavior
Light is critical for supplying carbon for use in the energetically expensive process of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia. We recently showed that root nodule formation in phyB mutants [which have a constitutive shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) phenotype] was suppressed in white light, and that nodulation in wild-type is controlled by sensing the R/FR ratio through jasmonic acid (JA) signaling. We concluded that the cause of reduced root nodule formation in phyB mutants was the inhibition of JA-Ile production in root. Here we show that the shoot JA-Ile level of phyB mutants is higher than that of the wild-type strain MG20, suggesting that translocation of JA-Ile from shoot to root is impeded in the mutant. These results indicate that root nodule formation in phyB mutants is suppressed both by decreased JA-Ile production, caused by reduced JAR1 activity in root, and by reduced JA-Ile translocation from shoot to root.
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Additional cause for reduced JA-Ile in the root of a Lotus japonicus phyB mutant Reviewed
Shigeyama T., Tominaga A., Arima S., Sakai T., Inada S., Jikumaru Y., Kamiya Y., Uchiumi T., Abe M., Hashiguchi M., Akashi R., Hirsch A., Suzuki A.
Plant Signaling and Behavior 7 ( 7 ) 1 - 3 2012.7
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Plant Signaling and Behavior
Light is critical for supplying carbon for use in the energetically expensive process of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia. We recently showed that root nodule formation in phyB mutants [which have a constitutive shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) phenotype] was suppressed in white light, and that nodulation in wild-type is controlled by sensing the R/FR ratio through jasmonic acid (JA) signaling. We concluded that the cause of reduced root nodule formation in phyB mutants was the inhibition of JA-Ile production in root. Here we show that the shoot JA-Ile level of phyB mutants is higher than that of the wild-type strain MG20, suggesting that translocation of JA-Ile from shoot to root is impeded in the mutant. These results indicate that root nodule formation in phyB mutants is suppressed both by decreased JA-Ile production, caused by reduced JAR1 activity in root, and by reduced JA-Ile translocation from shoot to root. © 2012 Landes Bioscience.
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Estimation of genome size of Jute (Corchorus capsularis (L.) var. CVL-1 using flow cytometry. Reviewed
Akashi R., Fancy N.N., Tanmoy A.M., Khan H.
Plant Tissue Culture & Biotechnology 22 83 - 86 2012.6
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Quantitative trait locus analysis of symbiotic nitrogen fixation activity in the model legume Lotus japonicus. Reviewed
Tominaga A., Gondo T., Akashi R., Zheng S.H., Arima S., Suzuki A.
Journal of Plant Research 125 395 - 406 2012.5
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Fertile transgenic Brachiaria ruziziensis (ruzigrass) plants by particle bombardment of tetraploidized callus. Reviewed
Ishigaki G., Gondo T., Suenaga K., Akashi R.
Journal of Plant Physiology 169 546 - 549 2012.3
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Ishigaki G., Gondo T., Suenaga K., Akashi R.
Journal of Plant Physiology 169 ( 5 ) 546 - 549 2012.3
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Journal of Plant Physiology
We have produced transgenic plants of the tropical forage crop Brachiaria ruziziensis (ruzigrass) by particle bombardment-mediated transformation of multiple-shoot clumps and embryogenic calli. Cultures of multiple-shoot clumps and embryogenic calli were induced on solidified MS medium supplemented with 0.5. mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2. mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or 4. mg/L 2,4-D and 0.2. mg/L BAP, respectively. Both cultures were bombarded with a vector containing an herbicide resistance gene (bar) as a selectable marker and the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. Sixteen hours after bombardment, embryogenic calli showed a significantly higher number of transient GUS expression spots per plate and callus than multiple-shoot clumps, suggesting that embryogenic callus is the more suitable target tissue. Following bombardment and selection with 10. mg/L bialaphos, herbicide-resistant embryogenic calli regenerated shoots and roots in vitro, and mature transgenic plants have been raised in the greenhouse. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA gel blot analysis verified that the GUS gene was integrated into the genome of the two regenerated lines. In SacI digests, the two transgenic lines showed two or five copies of GUS gene fragments, respectively, and integration at different sites. Histochemical analysis revealed stable expression in roots, shoots and inflorescences. Transgenic plants derived from diploid target callus turned out to be sterile, while transgenics from colchicine-tetraploidized callus were fertile. © 2011 Elsevier GmbH.
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The National BioResource Project (NBRP) Lotus and Glycine in Japan. Reviewed
Hashiguchi M., Abe J., Aoki T., Anai T., Suzuki A., Akashi R.
Breeding Science 61 453 - 461 2012.2
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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わい性ネピアグラスにおける腋芽生長点からの多芽体形成と効率的な苗生産 Reviewed
Nafiatul UMAMI, 権藤 崇裕, 石垣 元気, Mohammad Mijanur RAHMAN, 明石 良
日本暖地畜産学会報 55 ( 2 ) 121 - 127 2012
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:日本暖地畜産学会
本研究は,わい性ネピアグラスにおける効率的な苗生産を行うための組織培養法の改善を図り,また,苗生産において重要な課題である順化の効率化やソマクローナル変異の誘発などの問題を軽減したものである.外植体として用いた腋芽は,分げつから無菌的に摘出して,2,4-DおよびBAPを組み合わせて添加したMS固形培地で多芽体を誘導した.その結果,多芽体は0.1 mg L<sup>-1 </sup>2,4-Dおよび2.0 mg L<sup>-1 </sup>BAP添加の培地で29%と最も高い誘導率を示した.培養培地への硫酸銅の添加は,多芽体の増殖率を向上し,50 μMの硫酸銅の添加が増殖に最も有効であった.増殖した多芽体は,0.1 mg L<sup>-1 </sup>NAAおよび2.0 mg L<sup>-1 </sup>BAP添加のMS固形培地で84%と最も高い再分化率を示し,多くの植物体が再分化した.また,再分化植物体の全ては順化することができ,土壌中で旺盛に生長した.再分化植物体および栄養苗から生長させた植物体について形態を調査したところ,組織培養による形態的な変異は認められず,両者間に統計的な有意差(5%水準)はなかった.また,フローサイトメーターによる倍数性の調査では,再分化植物体における染色体数の倍加は認められなかった.以上のことから,本研究で改良した培養法により,わい性ネピアグラスの高品質な苗生産技術を確立できたものと判断した.
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Nakamura Kaoru, Fukumoto Koichi, Gunji Sadao, Akashi Ryo
Horticultural Research (Japan) 11 ( 4 ) 439 - 447 2012
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE
To determine the potential for the breeding of tendril-less sweetpea cut flower cultivars, an awareness survey was conducted among sweetpea farmers from the 97 sweetpea farms in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, in 2009. The sweetpea farmers included farm managers and their family members. The questions included in the survey pertained to the growing area used, factors responsible for the most significant production management costs, most laborious cultural practices, degree of necessity of tendrils, degree of eagerness to grow tendril-less cultivars, and desirable varietal characteristics. The survey showed that the average growing area for the 46 farm managers who answered this question in the survey was 17.3 a, and the growing area per laborer was 3.2 a. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of laborers and sweetpea-growing area (r = 0.91**). The answers were divided according to 3 attributes pertaining to the farmers and examined. The attributes were: (1) the position of the participant, i.e., farm manager or family member; (2) the kind of labor used on the farm, i.e., family or employed labor; and (3) the size of the sweetpea-growing area. In reply to the question on the factors responsible for the most significant production management costs, the farm managers and family members selected employment costs, the family labor farmers selected the shipping costs, and the employed labor farmers selected the employment costs. The farmers who had a sweetpea growing area smaller than 10 a selected shipping as the most significant production management cost, whereas the farmers who had a sweetpea growing area larger than 10 a selected the employment costs. In response to the question on the most laborious cultural practices, “Yuin,” i.e., training pertaining to removing the tendrils and lateral shoots, and “Tsurusage,” i.e., training pertaining to resetting of the growing point from the top of the supporting net to a lower position in the supporting net, were selected, regardless of the attribute of each farmer. In response to the question on the degree of necessity of tendrils, “either” was selected, regardless of the attribute of each farmer. In response to the question on the degree of eagerness to grow tendril-less cultivars, the farm managers selected the option “add the tendril-less cultivar in candidate cultivars.” This result showed that the farm managers expected that the absence of tendrils in these cultivars would be a labor-saving trait. In response to the question on desirable varietal characteristics, both farm managers and family members selected resistance to bud drop, a long vase life, high ratio of sales to production, and high yields more often than labor-saving traits, in spite of the response given to the question on the degree of eagerness to grow tendril-less cultivars.<br>
DOI: 10.2503/hrj.11.439
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ISS education program "JAXA seeds in space I"" Reviewed
Nakano T., Hirohama E., Ogawa S., Tanigaki F., Abe T., Hayashi Y., Nitasaka E., Akashi R., Hashiguchi M., Aoki T.
62nd International Astronautical Congress 2011, IAC 2011 11 8833 - 8843 2011.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (international conference proceedings) Publisher:62nd International Astronautical Congress 2011, IAC 2011
In order to have students experience the Science, participate in the real scientific investigation, we have begun the "seeds in space" education programs. Concretely, the main purpose of JAXA Student experiments is for students to learn the mutation effects of space-flight on plant seeds. In March 2008, seeds of Asagao (Japanese morning glory), Miyako-gusa (Japanese bird's foot trefoil) and Sunflower were launched to the International Space Station (ISS) aboard Endeavour Shuttle Mission STS-123. The specimens were then remained on the ISS for near 9 months, when Endeavour Shuttle Mission STS-126 retrieved these educational biosamples, the seeds were returned to Earth. In case plant seeds were exposed to radiation as mutagen, the resulting mutations would be recessive in almost all examples. In breeding science, the above views are commonly well known. So, one could not identify mutants in the first generation cultivated from space-flight seeds judged by the observation of their phenotypes such as the figures, colors and so on. However, in the second generation, we can easily find the recessive homozygote as a mutant from their looks, if the plant has the characteristics of not only diploid but also self-pollination. Although there are also many types of plants characteristic of polyploidy, or cross pollination, the criteria described above could not be applied to them at all. It is summarized as follows: we have chosen seeds of Asagao and Miyako-gusa featuring with diploid and self-pollination as biospecimens for this education experiment, which could be used to identify the mutants from their phenotypes on the M2 generation. The space-flight seeds of Asagao and Miyako-gusa were then distributed to some hundred of schools in Japan, on May 2010 with another sets of ground (negative)-control (i.e., seeds that never left Earth) and positive control (seeds irradiated with carbon ion beams at RIKEN RI-Beam Factory). Participating students aged 3 to 18 year-old were given every 10 seeds of flight, ground control and positive control as one set for Asagao and, for Miyako-gusa, 20 every seeds were distributed. The students have been still conducting the cultivation of their plants twice for two seasons to find the mutants until fall of 2011. It is our hope that the students will precisely understand that the mutation rates of seeds in such a space-flight event, are extremely low compared to their expectations, and also they will actually learn what scientific experiments are.
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Lotus japonicus nodulation is photomorphogenetically controlled by sensing the red/far red (R/FR) ratio through jasmonic acid (JA) signaling. Reviewed
Suzuki A., Suriyagoda L., Shigeyama T., Tominaga A., Sasaki M., Hiratsuka Y., Yoshinaga A., Arima S., Agarie S., Sakai T., Inada S., Jikumaru Y., Kamiya Y., Uchiumi T., Abe M., Hashiguchi M., Akashi R., Sato S., Kaneko T., Tabata S., Hirsch A.M.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108 16837 - 16842 2011.10
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Suzuki A., Suriyagoda L., Shigeyama T., Tominaga A., Sasaki M., Hiratsuka Y., Yoshinaga A., Arima S., Agarie S., Sakai T., Inada S., Jikumaru Y., Kamiya Y., Uchiumi T., Abe M., Hashiguchi M., Akashi R., Sato S., Kaneko T., Tabata S., Hirsch A.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108 ( 40 ) 16837 - 16842 2011.10
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Light is critical for supplying carbon to the energetically expensive, nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia. Here, we show that phytochrome B (phyB) is part of the monitoring system to detect suboptimal light conditions, which normally suppress Lotus japonicus nodule development after Mesorhizobium loti inoculation. We found that the number of nodules produced by L. japonicus phyB mutants is significantly reduced compared with the number produced of WT Miyakojima MG20. To explore causes other than photoassimilate production, the possibility that local control by the root genotype occurred was investigated by grafting experiments. The results showed that the shoot and not the root genotype is responsible for root nodule formation. To explore systemic control mechanisms exclusive of photoassimilation, we movedWTMG20 plants from white light to conditions that differed in their ratios of low or high red/far red (R/FR) light. In low R/FR light, the number of MG20 root nodules dramatically decreased compared with plants grown in high R/FR, although photoassimilate content was higher for plants grown under low R/FR. Also, the expression of jasmonic acid (JA) -responsive genes decreased in both low R/FR light-grownWT and white light-grown phyB mutant plants, and it correlated with decreased jasmonoyl-isoleucine content in the phyB mutant. Moreover, both infection thread formation and root nodule formation were positively influenced by JA treatment of WT plants grown in low R/FR light and white light-grown phyB mutants. Together, these results indicate that root nodule formation is photomorphogenetically controlled by sensing the R/FR ratio through JA signaling.
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Morphological traits of Lotus japanicus(Regal) ecotypes collected in Japan. Reviewed
10. Hashiguchi M., Tsuruta S., Akashi R.
Interdiscipinary Bio Central 3 1 - 7 2011.2
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Discovery of natural Miscanthus (Poaceae) triploid plants in sympatric populations of Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Miscanthus sinensis in southern Japan Reviewed
Nishiwaki A, Mizuguti A, Kuwabara S, Toma Y, Ishigaki G, Miyashita T, Yamada T, Matuura H, Yamaguchi S, Lane Rayburn A, Akashi R, Ryan Stewart J
American Journal of Botany 98 154 - 159 2011.1
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Asanuma Y., Jinkawa T., Tanaka H., Gondo T., Zaita N., Akashi R.
Transgenic Research 20 ( 1 ) 91 - 97 2011
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Transgenic Research
Environmental risk assessment of transgenic crops is implemented under the Cartagena Protocol domestic law in accordance with guidelines for implementing the assessment established by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) and the Ministry of Environment (MOE) in Japan. Environmental risk assessments of transgenic crops are implemented based on the concept of 'substantial equivalence' to conventional crops. A unique requirement in Japan to monitor the production of harmful substances, or allelochemicals, is unparalleled in other countries. The potential for allelochemicals to be secreted from the roots of transgenic crops to affect other plants or soil microflora or for substances in the plant body to affect other plants after dying out must be evaluated. We evaluated the allelopathic potential of seven transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) lines that express glufosinate tolerance in terms of substantial equivalence to conventional oilseed rape lines, and established evaluation methods. Our results indicate no potential production of allelochemicals for any of the seven transgenic oilseed rape lines compared with conventional oilseed rape lines. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
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Tsuruta Shin-ichi, Ebina Masumi, Kobayashi Makoto, AKASHI Ryo, KAWAMURA Osamu
Breeding science 60 ( 4 ) 314 - 323 2010.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Japanese Society of Breeding
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FOX-superroots of Lotus corniculatus, overexpressing Arabidopsis full-length cDNA, show stable variations in morphological traits Reviewed
Himuro Y. Tanaka H, Hashiguchi M, Ichikawa T, Nakazawa M, Seki M, Fujita M, Shinozaki K, Matsui M, Akashi R, Hoffmann F
Journal of Plant Physiology 168 181 - 187 2010.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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NBRP, national bioresource project of Japan and plant bioresource management Reviewed
Kurata N, Satoh H, Kitano H, Nagato Y, Endo T, Sato K, Akashi R, Ezura H, Kusaba M, Kobayashi M, Nitasaka E, Kasai F, Yamazaki Y, Yoshimura A
Breeding Science 60 461 - 468 2010.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Structure and expression profile of the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene and its association with lignification in the sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (l.) moench) bmr-6 mutant Reviewed
Tsuruta S, Ebina M, Kobayashi M, Akashi R, Kawamura O
Breeding Science 60 314 - 323 2010.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Analysis of genetic diversity and morphological traits of Japanese Lotus japonicus for establishment of a core collection Reviewed
Kai S. Tanaka H. Hashiguchi M. Iwata H. Akashi R
Breeding Science 60 436 - 446 2010.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Characteristics of FSL-PIP-#4 as overexpressed by Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane aquaporin gene, AtPIP1;2 Reviewed
Himuro Y, Tanaka H, Hashiguchi M, Yamashige R, Shimajiri Y, Akashi R
Root Research 19 143 - 149 2010.10
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Polymorphisms in growth hormone gene and their associations with calf weight in Japanese black cattle Reviewed
Ishida T, Umebayashi A, Tsuruta S, Akashi R, Harada H
Animal Science Journal 81 623 - 629 2010.8
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Genetic relationship among sweetpea cultivars and related species by AFLP analysis Reviewed
Nakamura K, Sugita T, Tanaka H, Akashi R
Journal of Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 79 360 - 366 2010.7
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Estimation of genome size in Brachiaria species Reviewed
Ishigaki G, Gondo T, Suenaga K, Akashi R
Grassland Science 56 240 - 242 2010.6
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Effect of abscisic acid on symbiotic nitrogen fixation activity in the root nodules of Lotus japonicus Reviewed
10. Tominaga A, Nagata M, Futsuki K, Abe H, Uchiumi T, Abe M, Kucho K-I, Hashiguchi M, Akashi R, Hirsch A, Arima S, Suzuki A
Plant Signaling Behavior 5 440 - 443 2010.5
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Effect of growth rate and sprout promotion on the bivalent iron ions in Jpanese lawn grass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) Reviewed
Matsuyama T, Idota S, Horomoto N, Otabara T, Nomura Y, Ssamoto H, Akashi R
Journal of Japanese Society of Turfgrass Sciense 38 162 - 166 2010.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Genetic variability of morphological and cultural characteristics in sweetpea (Lathyrus odoratus L.) Reviewed
Nakamura K, Fukumoto K, Akashi R
Journal of Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 79 179 - 191 2010.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Assays of the production of harmful substances by genetically modified oilseed rapes (Brassica napus L.) in accordance with regulations for evaluating the impact on biodiversity in Japan Reviewed
Asanuma Y, Jinkawa T, Tanaka H, Gondo T, Zaita N, Akashi R
Transgenic Res 20 1 - 7 2010.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Identification and functional analysis of type III effector proteins in Mesorhizobium Loti Reviewed
Okazaki S, Okabe S, Higashi M, Shimoda Y, Sato S, Tabata S, Hashiguchi M, Akashi R, Göttfert M, Saeki K
Identification and functional analysis of type III effector proteins in Mesorhizobium Loti 23 223 - 234 2010.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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MATSUYAMA Tomoya, IDOTA Sachiko, HORIMOTO Naoki, OTABARA Tesshu, NOMURA Yasuo, SASAMOTO Hirohiko, AKASHI Ryo
Journal of Japanese Society of Turfgrass Science 38 ( 2 ) 162 - 166 2010.3
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Kai Sayumi, Tanaka Hidenori, Uchiyama Taketo, Tanimura Shinichi, Aoyama Tomoo, Kawamura Osamu, Akashi Ryo
Japanese Journal of Grassland Science 56 ( 2 ) 149 - 155 2010
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Japanese Society of Grassland Science
Techniques for plant classification and identification are not only used to identify the taxonomy of species but also serve as important tools in criminal investigations. However, morphological and DNA analysis are very difficult when only trace amounts of plant materials are available. Thus, it is necessary to develop a technique for classification and identification of plant species based on biological and chemical substances from diverse and small amount of sample. Therefore this study was conducted for classification and identification of plant species by comparing pattern of peaks using pyrolysis-gas chromatography (Py-GC), which reflected the species-specific lignin structure of the cell wall. One mg of dried samples from each of 26 different Gramineae species was pyrolized, and we obtained species-specific pyrograms that were not related with sample size and structure. Cluster analysis based on selected 30 peaks showed that 26 different Gramineae species could be classified into five major groups: Cluster I, Cluster II, Cluster III, Cluster IV and Cluster V. Cluster I group consisted of 3 species namely Cynodon dactylon (L.) pers., Pennisetum purpureum Schumach, Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. Cluster II group consisted of 15 species that were under genus Zoysia and Oryza sativa L. ClusterIII group consisted of 6 species that were 3 species of genus Paspalum. Cluster IV and V consisted of Cenchrus ciliaris L. and Agrostis stlonifela L., respectively. We used modified BLAST (wwwBLAST ver. 2.2.17 from NCBI) analysis of amino acid sequence program for identification of plant species. Out of 26 different Gramineae species, six plant species were collected from different sites. Among these 6 species, four species were identified successfully using this system.
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Himuro Yasuyo, Gondo Takahiro, Yamakawa Kazutomi, AKASHI Ryo
Grassland science 55 ( 4 ) 216 - 220 2009.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Japanese Society of Grassland Science
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Molecular characterization of a galactose-binding lectin from Momordica charantia seeds and its expression in tobacco cells Reviewed
Tanaka H, Toyama J, Akashi R
Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 8 544 - 550 2009.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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NBRP databases: Databases of biological resources in Japan Reviewed
Yamazaki Y., Akashi R., Banno Y., Endo T., Ezura H., Fukami-Kobayashi K., Inaba K., Isa T., Kamei K., Kasai F., Kobayashi M., Kurata N., Kusaba M., Matuzawa T., Mitani S., Nakamura T., Nakamura Y., Nakatsuji N., Naruse K., Niki H., Nitasaka E., Obata Y., Okamoto H., Okuma M., Sato K., Serikawa T., Shiroishi T., Sugawara H., Urushibara H., Yamamoto M., Yaoita Y., Yoshiki A., Kohara Y.
Nucleic Acids Research 38 ( SUPPL.1 ) 2009.11
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Nucleic Acids Research
The National BioResource Project (NBRP) is a Japanese project that aims to establish a system for collecting, preserving and providing bioresources for use as experimental materials for life science research. It is promoted by 27 core resource facilities, each concerned with a particular group of organisms, and by one information center. The NBRP database is a product of this project. Thirty databases and an integrated database-retrieval system (BioResource World: BRW) have been created and made available through the NBRP home page (http://www.nbrp.jp). The 30 independent databases have individual features which directly reflect the data maintained by each resource facility. The BRW is designed for users who need to search across several resources without moving from one database to another. BRW provides access to a collection of 4.5-million records on bioresources including wild species, inbred lines, mutants, genetically engineered lines, DNA clones and so on. BRW supports summary browsing, keyword searching, and searching by DNA sequences or gene ontology. The results of searches provide links to online requests for distribution of research materials. A circulation system allows users to submit details of papers published on research conducted using NBRP resources. © The Author(s) 2009. Published by Oxford University Press.
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp996
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Induction of tetraploid ruzigrass (Brachiaria ruziziensis) plants by colchicine treatment of in vitro multiple-shoot clumps and seedlings Reviewed
Genki Ishigaki, Takahiro Gondo, Kazuhiro Suenaga and Ryo Akashi
Grassland Science 2009.10
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Genetic transformation of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) by visually screening cells expressing green fluorescent protein Reviewed
Yasuyo Himuro, Takahiro Gondo, Kazutomi Yamakawa and Ryo Akashi
Grassland Science 2009.10
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Ishigaki G., Gondo T., Suenaga K., Akashi R.
Grassland Science 55 ( 1 ) 46 - 51 2009.8
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Grassland Science
We have established a plant regeneration system via multiple shoot formation, or somatic embryogenesis from seed-derived shoot apical meristems of ruzigrass (Brachiaria ruziziensis). Shoot apices as initial explants were isolated from aseptically germinated seedlings, and cultured in vitro. The most effective treatments for multiple shoots and embryogenic calli formation were 0.5 mg L -1 2,4-dichlorophnoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) plus 2.0 mg L -1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 4.0 mg L -1 2,4-D plus 0.2 mg L -1 BAP, respectively. Plant regeneration from multiple shoot-clumps was achieved by culturing on solid MS medium containing 1.0 mg L -1 BAP or 2.0 mg L -1 kinetin plus 2.0 mg L -1 gibberellic acid. Somatic embryos regenerated plantlets on a MS medium without plant hormones. Regenerated shoots were germinated precociously on MS medium containing 0.01 or 0.1 mg L -1 naphthalene acetic acid and 2.0 mg L -1 BAP. All regenerants were successfully grown up to maturity. The plant regeneration via multiple-shoot clumps and embryogenic calli formation can be used as an alternative regenerable target tissue for genetic transformation using particle bombardment of ruzigrass. © Journal Compilation © 2009 Japanese Society of Grassland Science.
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Molecular characterization of a galactose-binding lectin from Momordica charantia seeds and its expression in tobacco cells. Reviewed
Tanaka H, Toyama J, Akashi R
Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 8 ( 8 ) 544 - 550 2009.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Establishment of multiple-shoot formation from apical meristems and dwarf strain induced by Heavy Iron Beam irradiation in cogongrass (Imperata cylindrical L.). Reviewed
Shigeki Y, Kutsuna Y, Yamamoto K, Isobe H, Abe T, Hashiguchi M, Akashi R
Jpn J Grassl Sci 55 227 - 232 2009.4
Language:Japanese Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Enhanced nodulation and nitrogen fixation in the abscisic acid low-sensitive mutant enhanced nitrogen fixation1 of Lotus japonicus Reviewed
Tominaga A, Nagata M, Futsuki K, Abe H, Uchiumi T, Abe M, Kucho KI, Hashiguchi M, Akashi R, Hirsch AM, Arima S, Suzuki A
Plant Physiology 151 ( 4 ) 1965 - 1976 2009.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Gondo T., Matsumoto J., Tsuruta S., Yoshida M., Kawakami A., Terami F., Ebina M., Yamada T., Akashi R.
Journal of Plant Physiology 166 ( 4 ) 435 - 441 2009.3
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Journal of Plant Physiology
Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) is one of the most important warm-season forage grasses. It is cultivated in tropical and subtropical parts of the world and is mostly used for grazing and hay production. We have established a particle-bombardment transformation protocol for rhodes grass using multiple-shoot clumps (MSCs) as the target tissue. A vector pAHC25 containing a herbicide-resistance gene (bar) together with the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene was used in transformation experiments. The most efficient recovery of bialaphos-resistant tissue was achieved when the bombarded MSCs were first cultured for 15 d on bialaphos-free medium before being subjected to selection pressure. The resistant tissues regenerated transgenic plants that displayed GUS gene expression. Under optimized conditions, 251 target pieces yielded 46 transgenic plants from 4 independent transgenic lines. © 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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Particle inflow gun-mediated transformation of multiple-shoot clumps in rhodesgrass (Chloris gayana). Reviewed
Gondo T, Matsumoto J, Tsuruta S, Yoshida M, Kawakami A, Terami F, Ebina M, Yamada T,
Journal of Plant Physiology 166 435 - 441 2009.3
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Immunoadjuvant activity of crude lectin extracted from Momordica charantia seed Reviewed
Li Huang, Ai Ikejiri, Yuya Shimizu, Takumi Adachi, Yoshitaka Goto, Jun Toyama, Hidenori Tanaka, Ryo Akashi, Kazuyuki Uchida, Hironori Miyata, Takeshi Haga
J. Vet. Med. Sci. 70 ( 5 ) 533 - 535 2009.1
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Shigeki Yuichi, Kutsuna Yasuyo, Yamamoto Kozo, Isobe Hiroshi, Abe Tomoko, Hashiguchi Masatsugu, Akashi Ryo
Japanese Journal of Grassland Science 55 ( 3 ) 227 - 232 2009
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Japanese Society of Grassland Science
We have established an efficient method for obtaining dwarf mutants from cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica L.) through induced heavy-ion beam irradiation with tissue culture techniques. Young shoots of cogongrass were collected by detaching from field-grown native plant. The shoots with apical meristems were cut into about 5cm segments in length, and the surface was sterilized. Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with various compositions of 2,4-D and BAP were used in this study. The highest frequency of multiple-shoot formation was observed on MS medium containing 0.1mg/L 2,4-D and 2.0mg/L BAP. Subsequently, multiple-shoot clumps were transferred to a fresh hormone-free MS medium for inducing shoot elongations. Elongated shoots were divided from multiple-shoot clumps, and then transferred to a fresh hormone-free 1/2MS medium for the induction of roots. The multiple-shoot clumps were periodically subcultured to a fresh medium every month and proliferated with primary multiple shoots, which developed as crowded shoot clumps. The multiple-shoot formation from seed-derived shoot apical meristems of cogongrass were irradiated with heavy-ion beams 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100Gy (135-MeV/nucleon <20>^Ne and <12>^C ions). Although some albino plants regenerated, green plants produced 507 plantlets in total. All regenerated plantlets were transplanted into individual small pots, and then placed in the field. Only one plantlet out of 507 regenerated plantlets showed the lowest plant height during the first two years, when evaluated morphological characteristics.
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Characterization of lectin isolated from Momordica charantia seed as a B cell activator Reviewed
Huang L., Adachi T., Shimizu Y., Goto Y., Toyama J., Tanaka H., Akashi R., Sawaguchi A., Iwata H., Haga T.
Immunology Letters 121 ( 2 ) 148 - 156 2008.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Immunology Letters
Lectin isolated from the seeds of Momordica charantia (MCL) is a galactose-specific glycoprotein. To investigate the effects of MCL on cell activation, we analyzed the responses of BALB/c splenocytes, thymocytes, T cells and B cells on MCL stimulation. Proliferation assays showed that MCL selectively stimulates the B cell subset of splenocytes (p < 0.05) in a dose and time dependent manner and that this activation proceeds without the involvement of T cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled MCL binds to B cells, which was inhibited by specific sugars, including galactose. Mouse immunoglobulin (Ig) was able to inhibit MCL-induced proliferation of mouse B cells, suggesting MCL stimulates B cell activation via membrane Ig in the B cell surface. Moreover, after 96-h co-culture, MCL triggered splenocytes to produce a large amount of non-specific IgM in culture supernatants (p < 0.01). Additionally, MCL was shown to up-regulate the cell activation marker CD86, in a B cell subpopulation distinct from that affected by LPS. These data suggest that MCL is a T cell-independent B cell activator and a polyclonal Ig inducer, and provide further information on the immunomodulatory effect of MCL. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Multiple shoot formation, somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from seed-derived shoot apical meristems in ruzigrass (Brachiaria ruziziensis). Reviewed
Ishigaki G, Gondo T, Suenaga K, Akashi R
Grassland Science 55 2008.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Sequencing and analysis of approximately 40,000 soybean cDNA clones from a full-length enriched cDNA library. Reviewed
Umezawa T, Sakurai T, Totoki Y, Toyoda A, Seki M, Ishiwata A, Akiyama K, Kurotani A, Yoshida T, Mochida K, Kasuga M, Todaka D, Maruyama K, Nakashima K, Enju A, Mizukado S, Ahmed S, Yoshiwara K, Harada K, Tsubokura Y, Hayashi M, Sato S, Anai T, Ishimoto M, Funatsuki H, Teraishi M, Osaki M, Shinano T, Akashi R, Sakaki Y, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K
DNA Research 2008.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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'Mimi' sweet pea for forcing culture Reviewed
Kaoru Nakamura, Hirotoshi Hino, Sadao Gunji, Norio Hattanda, Toshio Murata, Hiroshi Tominaga, Koichi Fukumoto, Ryo Akashi
HortScience 43 ( 7 ) 2238 - 2239 2008.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Purification and characterization of Anti-H lectin from the seed of Momordica charantia and inter-specific differences of hemagglutinating activity in Cucurbitaceae Reviewed
Jun Toyama, Hidenori Tanaka, Akiko Horie, Tetsuya Uchiyama, Ryo Akashi
Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 7 ( 7 ) 647 - 653 2008.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Toyama J., Tanaka H., Horie A., Uchiyama T., Akashi R.
Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 7 ( 7 ) 647 - 653 2008.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Asian Journal of Plant Sciences
Thirteen Cucurbitaceae species have been investigated for anti-H activity of seed lectins. The lectin was extracted from seed powder and concentrated by ethanol precipitation method. Momordica charantia, Trichosanthes kirilowii, T. cucumeroides and T. bracteata had potent hemagglutinating (HA) activity toward human type-H(O) erythrocytes, in which M. charantia exhibited considerably lower activity toward human type-O m h (para-Bombay, H-deficient). Hence, it was characterized as anti-H activity. Eight Japanese cultivars exhibited almost same degrees of anti-H activity. A lectin from seeds of M. charantia has been purified by affinity chromatography and gel-permeation. The lectin was shown to be a glycoprotein containing approximately 10% neutral sugar, which gave a single band on native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and four bands of 31.5, 30.5, 30.0 and 28.5 kDa on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions suggesting that the lectin is a tetramer. The HA activity was stable at 50°C for 1 h, but sharply decreased beyond 55°C. The lectin agglutinated human type-O erythrocytes and the agglutination was inhibited by D-galactose and its derivatives, particularly human blood type-H (O) antigen trisaccharide (Fucα1→2Galβ1→4GlcNAc). These results suggest that M. charantia seed lectin has anti-H (O) activity and D-galactose specificity. Inter-specific differences in anti-H activity of the seed among Cucurbitaceae may exist. © 2008 Asian Network for Scientific Information.
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Umezawa T., Sakurai T., Totoki Y., Toyoda A., Seki M., Ishiwata A., Akiyama K., Kurotani A., Yoshida T., Mochida K., Kasuga M., Todaka D., Maruyama K., Nakashima K., Enju A., Mizukado S., Ahmed S., Yoshiwara K., Harada K., Tsubokura Y., Hayashi M., Sato S., Anai T., Ishimoto M., Funatsuki H., Teraishi M., Osaki M., Shinano T., Akashi R., Sakaki Y., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K., Shinozaki K.
DNA Research 15 ( 6 ) 333 - 346 2008.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:DNA Research
A large collection of full-length cDNAs is essential for the correct annotation of genomic sequences and for the functional analysis of genes and their products. We obtained a total of 39 936 soybean cDNA clones (GMFL01 and GMFL02 clone sets) in a full-length-enriched cDNA library which was constructed from soybean plants that were grown under various developmental and environmental conditions. Sequencing from 5′ and 3′ ends of the clones generated 68 661 expressed sequence tags (ESTs). The EST sequences were clustered into 22 674 scaffolds involving 2580 full-length sequences. In addition, we sequenced 4712 full-length cDNAs. After removing overlaps, we obtained 6570 new full-length sequences of soybean cDNAs so far. Our data indicated that 87.7 of the soybean cDNA clones contain complete coding sequences in addition to 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions. All of the obtained data confirmed that our collection of soybean full-length cDNAs covers a wide variety of genes. Comparative analysis between the derived sequences from soybean and Arabidopsis, rice or other legumes data revealed that some specific genes were involved in our collection and a large part of them could be annotated to unknown functions. A large set of soybean full-length cDNA clones reported in this study will serve as a useful resource for gene discovery from soybean and will also aid a precise annotation of the soybean genome.
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Genetic diversity of chloroplast DNA in Zoysia and other warm-season turfgrasses Reviewed
Tsuruta Shin-ichi, Hosaka Fumiko, Otabara Tesshu, HASHIGUCHI Masatsugu, YAMAMOTO Toshiya, AKASHI Ryo
Grassland science 54 ( 3 ) 151 - 159 2008.9
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Japanese Society of Grassland Science
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Genetic diversity of chloroplast DNA in Zoysia and other warm-season turfgrasses. Reviewed
Tsuruta S, Hosaka F., Otabara T., Hashiguchi M., Yamamoto T., Akashi R
Grassland Science 54 151 - 159 2008.9
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Transgenic superroots of Lotus corniculatus can be regenerated from superroot-derived leaves following Agrobacterium-derived transformation. Reviewed
Tanaka H, Toyama J, Hashiguchi M, Kutsuna Y, Tsuruta S, Akashi R, Hoffmann F
Journal of Plant Physiology 165 1313 - 1316 2008.9
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Tanaka H., Toyama J., Hashiguchi M., Kutsuna Y., Tsuruta S., Akashi R., Hoffmann F.
Journal of Plant Physiology 165 ( 12 ) 1313 - 1316 2008.8
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Journal of Plant Physiology
Super-growing roots (superroots; SR), which have been established in the legume species Lotus corniculatus, are a fast-growing root culture that allows continuous root cloning, direct somatic embryogenesis and mass regeneration of plants under entirely growth regulator-free culture conditions. These features are unique for non-hairy root cultures, and they are now stably expressed since the culture was isolated more than 10 years ago (1997). Attempts to achieve direct and stable transformation of SR turned out to be unsuccessful. Making use of the supple regeneration plasticity of SR, we are reporting here an indirect transformation protocol. Leaf explants, derived from plants regenerated from SR, were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harboring the binary vector pBI121, which contains the neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) and β-glucuronidase (GUS) genes as selectable and visual markers, respectively. After co-cultivation, the explants were selected on solidified MS medium with 0.5 mg/L benzylamino purine (BAP), 100 mg/L kanamycin and 250 mg/L cefotaxime. Kanamycin-resistant calli were transferred to liquid rooting medium. The newly regenerated, kanamycin-resistant roots were harvested and SR cultures re-established, which exhibited all the characteristics of the original SR. Furthermore, kanamycin-resistant roots cultured onto solidified MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BAP produced plants at the same rate as control SR. Six months after gene transfer, PCR analysis and histochemical locating indicated that the NPTII gene was integrated into the genome and that the GUS gene was regularly expressed in leaves, roots and nodules, respectively. The protocol makes it now possible to produce transformed SR and nodules as well as transgenic plants from transformed SR. © 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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ニガウリ種子由来粗精製レクチンの免疫アジュバント効果 Reviewed
黄 莉, 池尻 藍, 清水 佑也, 足立 匠, 後藤 義孝, 外山 潤, 田中 秀典, 明石 良, 内田 和幸, 宮田 博規, 芳賀 猛
The journal of veterinary medical science 70 ( 5 ) 533 - 535 2008.5
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:社団法人日本獣医学会
ニガウリ種子由来粗精製レクチン(crMCL)のアジュバント効果について、ベータガラクトシダーゼをモデル抗原として解析した。BALB/cマウスを抗原単独投与群と抗原+crMCL投与群に分け、血清中の抗原特異的IgG抗体価を測定したところ、1回免疫では両群で差がなかったが、追加免疫で抗原+crMCL投与群が有意に高かった。crMCLはプライムブースト投与法に有用なアジュバントであることが示唆された。
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Immunoadjuvant activity of crude lectin extracted from Momordica charantia Reviewed
15. Huang L, Ikejiri A, Shimizu Y, Adachi T, Goto Y, Toyama J, Tanaka H, Akashi R, Uchida K, Miyata H, Haga T
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 70 533 - 535 2008.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Breeding of new Sweet pea cultivar 'Musica Rose' Reviewed
NAKAMURA K., HATTANDA N., FUKUMOTO K., AKASHI R.
7 ( 1 ) 2008.3
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Effect of peptized silica application on growth and mineral content in creeping bentgrass. Reviewed
Morishita F, Idota S, Akashi R
Bull. Fac. Agr. Univ. Miyazaki 5465 - 68 2008.3
Language:Japanese Publishing type:Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)
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Effects of peptized silica application on growth and mineral content in creeping bentgrass Reviewed
Morishita Fumiyasu, Idota Sachiko, Akashi Ryo
Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University 54 65 - 68 2008.1
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Miyazaki University
It is already reported that application of silica (SiO2) has some beneficial effects on plants such as rice, for example, to improve the photosynthetic activity, and pest and disease resistance, and to mitigate the environmental stresses, caused by the variations of climates, water and mineral contents of soil. In this study, the application of peptized silica solution ("SILICA-SUI" containing 4% of SiO2, Fuji Chemical Co., Ltd.) was examined for the growth and mineral contents, including of silica, in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L. cv. Penncross). In the leaf blade of aboveground parts, silica content increased with the increase in the concentration of silica solution. The concentration of silica in the leaf blade increase by 3 times as much as the non-applied control. The effect of concentration of silica solution was not apparently found on the nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium contents of leaf blade. In the underground roots, the active white root was detected in the putting green of creeping bentgrass by the application of silica solution. It is suggested that application of silica solution influence root of creeping bentgrass.
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Somatic embyogenesis and multiple-shoot formation from seed-derived shoot apical meristems of rhodesgrass (Chloris gayana Kunth). Reviewed
Gondo T, Matsumoto J, Yamakawa K, Tsuruta S, Ebina M, Akashi R
Grassland Science 53 138 - 142 2007.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Genetic relationship estimation in guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq) assessed on the basis of simple sequence repeat markers. Reviewed
Ebina M, Kouki K, Tsuruta S, Akashi R, Yamamoto T, Takahara M, Inafuku M, Okumura K, Nakagawa H, Nakajima K
Grassland Science 53 155 - 164 2007.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Ebina Masumi, Kouki Kaori, Tsuruta Shin-ichi, AKASHI Ryo, YAMAMOTO Toshiya, TAKAHARA Manabu, INAFUKU Masahito, OKUMURA Kenji, NAKAGAWA Hitoshi, NAKAJIMA Kousuke
Grassland science 53 ( 3 ) 155 - 164 2007.9
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Japanese Society of Grassland Science
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Gondo Takahiro, Matsumoto Jun, Yamakawa Kazutomi, TSURUTA Shin-ichi, EBINA Masumi, AKASHI Ryo
Grassland science 53 ( 3 ) 138 - 142 2007.9
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Japanese Society of Grassland Science
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Identification of plant species through the detection of the cell wall components using pyrolysis-gas chromatography. Reviewed
Uchiyama T, Kai S, Tanimura S, Sata K, Kawamura O, Akashi R
Japanese Journal of Science and Technology for Identification 12 185 - 196 2007.9
Language:Japanese Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Quantitative trait locus analysis of multiple agronomic traits in the model legume Lotus japonicus. Reviewed
Gondo T, Sato S., Okumura K, Tabata S., Akashi R, Isobe S
Genome 50 627 - 637 2007.9
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Quantitative trait locus analysis of multiple agronomic traits in the model legume Lotus japonicus Reviewed
Gondo T., Sato S., Okumura K., Tabata S., Akashi R., Isobe S.
Genome 50 ( 7 ) 627 - 637 2007.7
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Genome
The first quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of multiple agronomic traits in the model legume Lotus japonicus was performed with a population of recombinant inbred lines derived from Miyakojima MG-20 x Gifu B-129. Thirteen agronomic traits were evaluated in 2004 and 2005: traits of vegetative parts (plant height, stem thickness, leaf length, leaf width, plant regrowth, plant shape, and stem color), flowering traits (flowering time and degree), and pod and seed traits (pod length, pod width, seeds per pod, and seed mass). A total of 40 QTLs were detected that explained 5%-69% of total variation. The QTL that explained the most variation was that for stem color, which was detected in the same region of chromosome 2 in both years. Some QTLs were colocated, especially those for pod and seed traits. Seed mass QTLs were located at 5 locations that mapped to the corresponding genomic positions of equivalent QTLs in soybean, pea, chickpea, and mung bean. This study provides fundamental information for breeding of agronomically important legume crops. © 2007 NRC.
DOI: 10.1139/G07-040
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Analysis of genetic resource in Zoysia spp. 2. Indigenous to southwest islands of Japan based on simple sequence repeat markers. Reviewed
Hashiguchi M, Tsuruta S, Matsuo T, Ebina M, Kobayashi M, Akamine H, Akashi R
Jpn J Grassl Sci 53 133 - 137 2007.6
Language:Japanese Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Isolation and characterization of cDNA encoding cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.)Moench) Reviewed
Tsuruta S, Ebina M, Nakagawa H, Kawamura O, Akashi R
Grassland Science 53 103 - 106 2007.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Hashiguchi Masatsugu, Tsuruta Shin-ichi, Matsuo Taiyo, Ebina Masumi, Kobayashi Makoto, Akamine Hikaru, Akashi Ryo
Japanese Journal of Grassland Science 53 ( 2 ) 133 - 137 2007
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Japanese Society of Grassland Science
We conducted a study of genetic diversity in zoysiagrass indigenous to Southwest Islands of Japan based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Forty-one lines of zoysiagrass, which included 19 Zoysia matrella, 18 Z. tenuifolia and 4 cultivars (Asagake: Z.japonica, Emeralda: Z.japonica×Z.tenuifolia, Tottori-korai: Z matrella, Velvet: Z. tenuifolia), were used in this study. From 12 SSR markers used, a total of 155 SSR bands were scored. The number of putative alleles ranged from 6 to 22, with average value of 12.9.The polymorphic information contents (PIC) of Z.matrella and Z.tenuifolia were 0.79 and 0.72, respectively. Z.matrella had significantly higher PIC than Z.tenuifolia (p=0.02). Cluster analysis based on the 155 SSR bands revealed that the 41 lines were classified into 7 groups.
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Uchiyama Taketo, Kai Sayumi, Tanimura Shinichi, Sata Kazuhiro, Kawamura Osamu, Akashi Ryo
Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology 12 ( 2 ) 185 - 196 2007
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Japanese Association of Forensic Science and Technology
Identification of plant species is one of the clues, which is an important tool in criminal investigation. However, morphological test and DNA extraction are very difficult in minute plant pieces. Thus, it is necessary to develop a technique for classification and identification based on biological and chemical components, which does not require DNA analysis. This study analyzed the lignin of the cell wall components, which are products of secondary metabolism of a plant and also examined the species peculiarity and utility in forensic science. An analysis method of lignin is Pyrolysis-Gas chromatography (Py-GC). Analysis of trace amounts of dried plant samples using Py-GC shows results in waveform data, called pyrogram. Powdered samples each of 1.4 mg were dried, in all 22 plant species including <i>Gramineae</i> and <i>Leguminosae</i> were used for Py-GC. Thirteen characteristic peaks were chosen among a pyrogram of <i>Gramineaes</i> and it was converted into a bar graph and compared with other plant species. As a result, same plant species showed the similar pattern, and the same plant that was taken from a different place also showed the same pattern, and reproduction characteristics were recognized. Therefore, the possibility that difference in plant species is specific was shown by the pyrogram pattern. Even if it was the sample, in which DNA cannot be extracted, as for this method, a classification of a plant species was possible. Preprocessing of a sample is simple, as it has to only be dried. In conclusion, the application of this method in criminal investigation will involve swiftness and also forms a simple classification method for plant species.<br>
DOI: 10.3408/jafst.12.185
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Analysis of genetic resource in Zoysia spp. 1. Morphological characteristics and covering gain in zoysiagrass indigenous to southwest islands of Japan. Reviewed
Hashiguchi M, Tsuruta S, Matsuo T, Akamine H, Akashi R
Jpn J Grassl Sci 52 189 - 137 2006.12
Language:Japanese Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Njoloma J., Tanaka K., Shimizu T., Nishiguchi T., Zakria M., Akashi R., Oota M., Akao S.
Biology and Fertility of Soils 43 ( 2 ) 137 - 143 2006.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Biology and Fertility of Soils
In this study, we used Herbaspirillum sp. B501gfp1 (B501gfp1), an isolate from wild rice, to investigate the interaction between a non-host nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacterium and micropropagated sugarcane plants under aseptic condition. Two Japanese sugarcane plants (Saccharum sp.) cultivars (cvs) NiF8 and Ni15 were inoculated using B501gfp1 in two inoculum doses of 10 8 and 102 bacterial-cells-per-milliliter suspension. The results showed that bacterial cells colonized both the root and stem tissues, and colonization was apparent in the intercellular spaces. Higher bacterial numbers were detected in plant tissues inoculated with the higher inoculum concentration treatment. Bacterial numbers also varied between the two cultivars, with the higher values determined in cv Ni15. This study provides evidence that Herbaspirillum sp. B501gfp1, a rice isolate, could colonize sugarcane tissues, suggesting non-specificity of host plant among endophytes. © 2006 Springer-Verlag.
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Dry matter production and in vitro digestibility in BC1 progeny of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) regenerated from suspension culture. Reviewed
共著:K.Saleng, A. Sawai, T. Nagatani, Y. Tateyama, N. Mochidome, M. Niimi, R. Akashi, O. Kawamura
Grassland Science 52 (in press) 2006.8
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Saleng Kamaruddin, Sawai Akira, Nagatani Takeshi, TATEYAMA Yoshio, MOCHIDOME Nobuo, NIIMI Mitsuhiro, AKASHI Ryo, KAWAMURA Osamu
Grassland science 52 ( 2 ) 81 - 84 2006.6
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Japanese Society of Grassland Science
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DNA extraction from sperm found in mixed stains of seminal fluid and vaginal secretion using DNase I. Reviewed
Uciyama T, Hisazumi R, Maeda I, Nakata M, Ohno R, Hasegawa T, Shimizu K, Akashi R
日本法科学技術学会誌 11:105-112 11 105 - 112 2006.4
Language:Japanese Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Use of green fluorescent protein to trace the N2-fixing endophytic bacterium Herbaspirillum inoculated in a sugarcane plant. Reviewed
Shimizu T, Toyosato M, Kutsuna Y, Saeki Y, Minamizawa K, Nakanishi Y, Prisca NJ, Akashi R, Akao S
Soil Microorganisms 60 3 - 9 2006.4
Language:Japanese Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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DNA Extraction from Sperm Found in Mixed Stains of Seminal Fluid and Vaginal Secretion Using DNase I Reviewed
Uchiyama Taketo, Hisazumi Rinnosuke, Maeda Ikuko, Nakata Masahito, Ohno Rika, Hasegawa Tetsuro, Shimizu Kenshi, Akashi Ryo
Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology 11 ( 1 ) 105 - 112 2006
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Japanese Association of Forensic Science and Technology
Typing of sperm DNA found in vaginal fluid is an important component of investigations of sexual crimes. A standard, two-step differential extraction of sperm and vaginal epithelial cells from vaginal fluid mixed with semen is usually used for DNA isolation. However, this method is considerably time-consuming and, due to often insufficient separation of sperm and vaginal pithelial DNA in the centrifugation process, DNA contamination may occur. Therefore, we have developed a new and more reliable method of sperm DNA extraction from vaginal fluid. Using a three-step, complete digesion of vaginal fluid with deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) we were able to isolate pure sperm DNA in a shorter time. It can be expected that this improved method of sperm DNA isolation will lead to more reliable DNA typing and, significantly improve the efficiency of scientific criminal investigation such as DNA typing.
DOI: 10.3408/jafst.11.105
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Genetic diversity in zoysiagrass ecotypes based on morphological characteristics and SSR markers Reviewed
Hashiguchi M., Tsuruta S., Matsuo T., Ebina M., Kobayashi M., Akamine H., Akashi R.
Molecular Breeding for The Genetic Improvement of Forage Crops and Turf: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on The Molecular Breeding of Forage and Turf, a Satellite Workshop of the XXth International Grassland Congress, July 2005, Aberystwyth, Wales 2005.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Molecular Breeding for The Genetic Improvement of Forage Crops and Turf: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on The Molecular Breeding of Forage and Turf, a Satellite Workshop of the XXth International Grassland Congress, July 2005, Aberystwyth, Wales
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Development and characterization of simple sequence repeat markers in Zoysia japonica Steud Reviewed
Tsuruta Shin-Ichi, Hashiguchi Masatsugu, Ebina Masumi, MATSUO Taiyo, YAMAMOTO Toshiya, KOBAYASHI Makoto, TAKAHARA Manabu, NAKAGAWA Hitoshi, AKASHI Ryo
Grassland science 51 ( 3 ) 249 - 257 2005.9
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Japanese Society of Grassland Science
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Development and characterization of simple sequence repeat markers in Zoysia japonica Steud. Reviewed
共著:S.Tsuruta, M. Hashiguchi, M.Ebina, T.Matsuo, T. Yamamoto, M. Kobayashi, M. Takahara, H. Nakagawa, R. Akashi
Grassland Science 51: 249-257 2005.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Green, herbicide-resistant plants by particle inflow gun-mediated gene transfer to diploid bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) Reviewed
共著:Gondo T., S. Tsuruta, R. Akashi, O. Kawamura , F. Hoffmann
Journal of Plant Physiology 162(8), 864-872 2005.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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西洋ミヤコグサ由来"Super-growing Root" (Lotus corniculatus L.)の発根・伸長に及ぼす亜鉛添加の効果 Reviewed
共著者:小口慶子・井上昭彦・明石 良・佐伯雄一・長友由隆・赤尾勝一郎・高木 浩
日本土壌肥料学雑誌 75(1), 9-14 2004.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Nutritive evaluation of forage plants grown in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. 2. Mineral composition. Reviewed
Nasurula, Niimi M, Akashi R, Kawamura O
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 17 63 - 67 2004.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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BAPおよび硫酸銅がバヒアグラス(Paspalum notatum Flugge)の種子由来エンブリオジェニックカルス形成と植物体再分化に及ぼす効果
共著者:権藤崇裕,明石 良,川村修
Grassland Science,50(1): 55-58 2004.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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SSRマーカーによる Zoysia 属の多型解析 Reviewed
霍田 真一, 蝦名 真澄, 橋口 正嗣, 松尾 太陽, 明石 良, 高原 学, 小林 真
日本草地学会誌 50 262 - 263 2004.3
Language:Japanese Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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チガヤにおける多芽体誘導とその育種的利用法 Reviewed
久綱 泰代, 繁木 雄一, 明石 良
日本草地学会誌 50 516 - 517 2004.3
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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ローズグラス (Chloris gayana) における遺伝子組換え体の作出 Reviewed
松元 潤, 権藤 崇裕, 明石 良
日本草地学会誌 50 284 - 285 2004.3
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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バヒアグラスの組織培養における硫酸銅添加培地での連続的な不定胚形成 Reviewed
権藤 崇裕, 山川 一富, 明石 良, 川村 修
日本草地学会誌 50 494 - 495 2004.3
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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バヒアグラス(Paspalum notatum Flugge)の懸濁培養細胞由来再分化個体における化学組成およびin vitro消化率 Reviewed
Saleng Kamaruddin, 新美 光弘, 明石 良, ほか1名
宮崎大学農学部研究報告 50 ( 1 ) 25 - 30 2004.3
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:宮崎大学農学部
バヒアグラス(品種 Pensacola)の懸濁培養細胞由来再分化個体における細胞壁構成物質含量およびルーメン微生物によるin viro消化率を調査した。再分化個体群のNDF含量は、一般に、種子からの植物体(対照個体群)より高かった。リグニン含量には、両個体群の間で、統計的に有意な差がなかった。in viro乾物およびNDF消化率においては、再分化個体群が対照個体群より高かった。これらの結果は、組織培養が暖地型牧草の品質改善のための育種操作として有用であることを示唆している。
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Nutritive Evaluation of Forage Plants Grown in South Sulawesi, Indonesia II. Mineral Composition Reviewed
Nasrullah, Niimi M., Akashi R., Kawamura O.
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 17 ( 1 ) 63 - 67 2004.1
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
In order to evaluate the nutritive value of the forage plants in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, 266 samples (61 grasses and 65 legumes grown in the dry season, 60 grasses and 80 legumes grown in the rainy season) were collected from the highland and the lowland in 1998 to 2000, and were subjected to the determination of mineral composition. The mean contents of Ca, Mg, P, Na and K in grasses were 0.6, 0.3, 0.5, 0.1 and 2.3%, respectively, and in legumes were 1.8, 0.5, 0.8, 0.1 and 1.7%, respectively. The least-squares analysis of variance demonstrated as follows; For the grasses, Ca content was significantly affected by the yearxseason, yearxaltitude, and the seasonxaltitude interactions. Mg content was significantly affected by year and season and P content was significantly affected by altitude, year and by the yearxaltitude interaction. For the legumes, Ca content was significantly affected by altitude and the yearxseason, seasonxaltitude and the yearxaltitude interactions and Mg content was significantly affected by season or altitude and by the yearxseason interaction. These results indicate that Ca content of forage plants grown at the lowland in rainy season was higher than at the highland in dry season. Mg content of forage plants grown at the lowland in dry season was higher than at the highland in rainy season and P content of forage plants grown in the highland was higher than in the lowland.
DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2004.63
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Nuritive evalution of forage plants grown in South Sulawesi, Indonesia Reviewed
Nasrullah, Niimi M., Akashi R., Kawamura O.
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 16 ( 5 ) 693 - 701 2003.5
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
In order to evaluate the nutritive value of the forage plants in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, 266 samples (61 grasses and 65 legumes grown in the dry season, 60 grasses and 80 legumes grown in the rainy season) were collected from the highland and lowland in 1998 to 2000, and were subjected to the determination of chemical composition and digestibility. The least-squares analysis of variance demonstrated that the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of grasses was not significantly affected by season or altitude. On the other hand, the some proximate components and cell wall components were significantly affected by season and altitude including the seasonxaltitude interaction. For the legumes, the in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD) and cellulose content were significantly affected by season. On the other hand, the ether extract (EE) content was significantly affected by season and altitude. The interaction of the seasonxaltitude for IVDMD, of the yearxseason for some proximate components and of the yearxseason and the seasonxaltitude for some cell wall components were significant. These results indicate that the forages grown at highland in dry season have a relatively high quality. The means of the total digestible nutrient (TDN) content estimated from IVDMD in grasses and in legumes were 50.3% and 57.4%, respectively, and the crude protein contents were 7.7% and 17.6%, respectively. The correlation coefficients between IVDMD and the contents of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were relatively high in all of forage plants, suggesting that these components would provide an accurate prediction of digestibility or TDN content. A close relationship between IVNDFD and lignin content indicates that the lignin would be the most accurate predictor of cell wall digestibility.
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Nutritive evaluation of forage plants grown in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. 1. Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility.
共著者:ナスルラ,新美光弘,明石 良,川村修
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 16(5), 693-701, 2003.5
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Super roots in Lotus corniculatus: a unique tissue culture and regeneration system in a legume species.
共著者:R. Akashi, T. Kawano, M. Hashiguchi, Y. Kutsuna, S.-S Hoffmann-Tsay,F. Hoffmann
Plant and Soil 255: 27-33 2003.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Variations in morphological and feeding characteristics in plants regenerated from embryogenic suspension cultures derived from a single genotype of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge).
共著者:カマルディン・サレン,那須幹夫,新美光弘,明石 良,川村 修
Grassland Science,49(5): 456-459 2003.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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ソルガム(Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)褐色中央脈変異系統(brown-midrib)におけるフェニールプロパノイド代謝系酵素の活性とリグニンの蓄積
共著者:霍田真一,坂谷洋一郎,川辺俊生,河野朋恵,蝦名真澄,明石 良,川村修
Grassland Science,49(4): 456-459 2003.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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バヒアグラス(Paspalum notatum Flugge)における効率的な種子由来エンブリオジェニックカルス誘導法とパーティクルガンによる形質転換条件の検討
共著者:権藤崇祐,石井由紀子,明石 良,川村修
日本草地学会誌 49: 33-37 2003.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Fundamental studies on the improvement of some warm-season grasses by means of plant biotechnology.
Akashi R, Gondo T, Kawamura O
Jpn J Grassl Sci 49 79 - 87 2003.4
Language:Japanese Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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バヒアグラス(Paspalum notatum Flugge)の単一種子由来懸濁培養細胞からの再分化個体における形態的および飼料的性状の変異 Reviewed
サレン カマルディン, 那須 幹夫, 新美 光弘, 明石 良, 川村 修
日本草地学会誌 49 ( 5 ) 456 - 459 2003
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:日本草地学会
バヒアグラス(品種ペンサコラ)の単一種子由来懸濁培養細胞から再分化した個休における外部形態, 細胞壁構成物質含量およびルーメン微生物による in vitro 消化率を調査した結果, これらの性状に変異が認められた。全ての再分化個休のNDF含量は, 種子からの植物休(対照個休)のそれより高かった。再分化個休の消化率は草丈と有意な負の相関があった。これらの結果は, 組織培養が暖地型牧草の品質改変のための育種操作として有用であることを示唆している。
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RAPD(Random amplified polymorphic DNAs)分析法によるネピアグラス(Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.)の系統分類
共著者:霍田真一,明石 良,川村 修,沼口寛次
日本草地学会誌 48: 37-42 2002.8
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Dry matter and Lignin Distributions Determined after Micro-surgical tissue separation in stem of maize (Zea mays L.) at different maturation stages
共著者:O. Kawamura, N Niijima, M. Niimi, R. Akashi,
Grassland Science 47: 578-582 2002.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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ネピアグラス(Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.)の形態的特性とブリックス値およびリグニン含量との関係
共著者:霍田真一,明石 良,川村修,沼口寛次
日本草地学会誌 47: 604-609 2002.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Bialaphos-resistant Cells of Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) through Particle Bombardment with a Simple Self-built Inflow Gun
共著者:R. Akashi, C. Yuge, T. Gondo, O. Kawamura, F. Hoffmann
Grassland Science 47: 588-593. 2002.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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TSURUTA Shin-ichi, AKASHI Ryo, KAWAMURA Osamu, NUMAGUCHI Hirotsugu
Japanese Journal of Grassland Science 48 ( 1 ) 37 - 42 2002
Language:Japanese Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Japanese Society of Grassland Science
We conducted a study of genetic relationships among introduced lines of napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) based on random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD) analysis. Fifteen lines of napiergrass, which included one interspecific hybrid (P. americanum (L.) Leeke× P. purpureum Schum.) and one dwarf line,were used in this study. From the forty-decamer random primers used, 132 RAPD bands were scored, of which 112 (84.8%) were polymorphic. Twenty one primers resulted in no detected amplification. Three primers produced specific banding patterns that were useful in an identification of these lines. Cluster analysis based on the 132 RAPD bands revealed that the fifteen lines were classified into six groups as reflected in their origin. It was suggested that RAPD analysis could be a useful tool for detailed genetic characterization in napiergrass.
DOI: 10.14941/grass.48.37
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トウモロコシ節間における乾物およびリグニンの分布 Reviewed
川村 修, 新島 範高, 新美 光弘, 明石 良
日本草地学会誌 47 ( 6 ) 578 - 582 2002
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:日本草地学会
開花, 乳熟および完熟期におけるトウモロコシの上, 中, 下位節間を4つの組織画分に顕微解剖的に分離し分析した。節間の全乾物に占める各画分の割合は, 維管束画分の割合が最も低く, 次いで表皮, 厚壁組織, 髄画分の順であった。この値は各組織画分が横断切片上に占める面積の割合と大きく異なっていた。リグニン濃度は表皮画分が最も高く, 次いで厚壁組織, 維管束, 髄画分の順であった。上位の節間ほど髄画分のリグニン濃度は高まり, 逆に, 表皮, 厚壁組織画分では低下した。節間が含有する全リグニンのうち, 厚壁組織画分に分布するリグニンの割合は下位の節間ほど高く, 逆に, 髄画分に分布するリグニンの割合は上位の節間ほと高かった。
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Plants from protoplasts isolated from a long-term root culture (Super Root) of Lotus corniculatus. Reviewed
共著者:R. Akashi, S. Harris, S.-S Hoffmann-Tsay , F. Hoffmann
J. Plant Physiol. 157: 215-221. 2000.4
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)
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Plants from protoplasts isolated from a long-term root culture (super root) of lotus corniculatus Reviewed
Akashi R., Harris S., Hoffmann-Tsay S., Hoffmann F.
Journal of Plant Physiology 157 ( 2 ) 215 - 221 2000
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Journal of Plant Physiology
In the legume bird's-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), a super-growing root (super root) culture has been recently introduced. This system is unique because it allows continuous root cloning, somatic embryogenesis and mass regeneration of plants under entirely hormone-free culture conditions. Here we report the isolation and culture of protoplasts from this long-term root culture (more than three years old) and the regeneration of plants from super root-derived protoplasts. Treatment of pre-cultured super roots with an enzyme mixture containing 4.0 % cellulase and 0.1% pectolyase in 0.25 mol/L mannitol/O.25mol/L sorbitol plus 0.1% CaCl 2 led to the separation of the root tips from the rest of the roots and, within four hours, to the isolation of approximately 3.0 x 10 6 protoplasts per gram root tissue. Protoplasts were released almost entirely from the separated root-tips and cultured, embedded in small agarose disks, in a modified KM8P medium supplemented with 0.05 mg/L BAP, 0.1 mg/L 2, 4-D and 0.5 mg/L NAA. After five to seven days, the first divisions were observed, and after four weeks micro calli of 0.5 to 1 mm could be recovered. Calli were placed on MS medium containing relatively high concentrations of BAP and NAA (both 1.5 mg/L) for four weeks, resulting in prolific shoot formation. Elongated shoots rooted easily on hormone-free medium, and plants could be established. Roots from regenerated plants and roots formed directly on protoplast-derived calli were used to establish new root cultures. These newly initiated cultures expressed all the super root qualities again, including prolific shoot regeneration upon transfer to light, indicating that the super-growing character is not lost through protoplast isolation and regeneration. The super root pathway of regeneration, from protoplasts to callus, roots, root culture and plants, allows the virtually unlimited mass regeneration of plants from root protoptasts. Regenerating super root protoplasts add an important component to tissue culture systems for legume/Rhizobium research. Furthermore, this is the first report on plant regeneration from protoplasts isolated from a true root culture rather than excised roots.
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Improvement of forage quality in bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) through genetic manipulation. Detection of somaclonal variation using RAPD analysis in plants regenerated from suspension cultures
共著者:R. Akashi, O. Kawamura
Grassland Science 44: 203-207 1998.10
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Selection of a super-growing legume root culture that permits controlled switching between root cloning and direct embryogenesis
共著者:R. Akashi, S.-S Hoffmann-Tsay, F. Hoffmann
Theoretical and Applied Genetics 96: 758-764 1998.5
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High-frequency embryo-genesis from cotyledons of bird's-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and its effective utilization in Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation
共著者:R. Akashi, T. Uchiyama, A. Sakamoto, O. Kawamura, F. Hoffmann
Journal of Plant Physiology 152: 84-91 1998.3
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遺伝子操作によるバヒアグラスの品質向上 : 1. RAPD分析による懸濁培養細胞由来再生個体におけるソマクローナル変異の検出 Reviewed
明石 良, 川村 修
日本草地学会誌 44 ( 3 ) 203 - 207 1998
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:日本草地学会
バヒアグラスの懸濁培養細胞由来再生個体におけるソマクローナル変異をRAPD分析を用いて調査した。分析に用いた個体は, 発芽種子由来5個体(Control個体)と再生個体のうち任意に選んだ28個体である。その結果, 任意の配列を持つ10塩基のプライマー10種類のうち, 1種類のプライマ-(OPA-06)において2再生個体でControl個体と異なる多型を示し, 1つのバンドが欠失していることが確認された。
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Internal zinc accumulation is correlated with increased growth in rice suspension culture
共著者:B. Hossain, N. Hirata, R. Akashi, Y. Nagatomo, H. Takaki
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 16: 239-243 1997.10
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チモシー (Phleum pratense L.) の幼穂からのカルス形成と植物体再分化
共著者:明石 良,池田一
日本草地学会誌 33: 291-292 1997.3
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アポミクシスギニアグラスの懸濁培養細胞由来プロトプラストからのエンブリオジェニックカルスの形成 Reviewed
明石 良, LACHMANN Siegfried, HOFFMANN Franz, 足立 泰二
Breeding science 45 ( 4 ) 445 - 448 1995.12
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:日本育種学会
ギニアグラスは,西南暖地において重要な暖地型牧草として知られている.しかしながら,ギニアグラスの生殖様式はアポミクシスであるため,遺伝的変異が少なく,交配育種を進める上で大きな障害となっている.著者らはギニアグラスの変異拡大を目的として,体細胞変異選抜や外来遺伝子の導入などの遺伝子工学技術や細胞融合法などの細胞工学的手法を用いて品種改良を試みている.そこで,本報はこれら技術の基礎となるプロトプラスト培養法を検討した.先の報告(Akashi and Adachi,1991)から体細胞不定胚形成および植物体の再生能の高い品種"ペトリ''のカルスを用いて,1.Omg/12,4-D添加のMS培地で懸濁培養を行い,培養開始6ヵ月以降の懸濁細胞をプロトプラストの材料とした.
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Embryogenic callus formation from protoplasts derived from suspension cells of apomictic guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.)
共著者:R. Akashi, S. Lachmann, F. Hoffmann, T. Adachi
Breeding Science 45: 445-448 1995.12
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Plant regeneration from seed-derived embryogenic callus and cell suspension cultures of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum)
共著者:R. Akashi, A. Hashimoto, T. Adachi
Plant Science 90: 73-80 1993.12
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Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cultured immature inflorescences of apomictic dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.)
共著者:R. Akashi, T. Adachi
Plant Science 82: 213-218 1992.12
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Plant regeneration from suspension cultured-derived protoplasts of apomictic dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.)
共著者:R. Akashi, T. Adachi
Plant Science 82: 219-225 1992.12
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Akashi R., Adachi T.
Plant Science 82 ( 2 ) 213 - 218 1992
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:Plant Science
Plant regeneration from cultured immature inflorescences of Paspalum dilatatum was obtained by somatic embryogenesis. Embryonic callus was initiated from immature inflorescences (5-10 mm length) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0-10.0 mg·l -1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and solidified with 0.2% (w/v) Gellan Gum. Somatic embryos could be induced at all concentrations of 2,4-D, but the maximal frequency of explants which produced somatic embryos occurred on medium containing 10.0 mg·l -1 2,4-D. Somatic embryos developed and germinated precociously when embryogenic calli were transferred to a medium containing 1.0 mg·l -1 each of kinetin and gibberellic acid (GA 3 ). All regenerants were successfully grown to maturity. The embryogenic calli maintained their embryogenic capacity on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 1.0 mg·l -1 2,4-D for more than 1 year. © 1992.
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Light-inducible pigmentation in Portulaca callus; selection of a high betalain producing cell line
共著者:Y. Kishima, K. Nozaki, R. Akashi,T. Adachi
Plant Cell Reports 10: 304-307 1991.9
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High frequency somatic embryo formation in cultures of immature embryos of guineagrass, Panicum maximum Jacq
共著者:R. Akashi, T.Adachi
Japanese Journal of Breeding 41: 85-93 1991.3
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ギニアグラスの未熟胚培養における体細胞不定胚の高頻度形成 Reviewed
明石 良, 足立 泰二
育種学雑誌 41 ( 1 ) 85 - 93 1991
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:日本育種学会
一般にアポミクシス草種と言われているギニアグラス(Panicum maximum Jacq.)は,系統及びその遺伝子型によってアポミクシ又の程度を異にする.本報ではギニアグラスの未熟胚カルスから,高頻度に体細胞不定月三(SE)を形成した結果を示す.また,供試した品種および系統間に差異が認められ,アポミクシスとの関連についても検討を加えた.本実験で用いたギニアグラスは,農業生物資源研究所植物分類評価研究チーム囲場(宮崎市霧島)で保存中のもので,3保存品種及び9系統の計12genotypeを使用した(Table 1).滅菌した豊熟巾の種子から,O.5~1.0mmの未熟胚を摘出し1Omg・1<SUP>-</SUP>1,4-D,10%CW,O.8%Agarを添加したMS培地により25℃暗黒条件下で培養した(Fig 2).培養30~40日後,カルスの上部に形成されたSEは解剖顕微鏡下で切り離し,さらにMS培地(1mg・1<SUP>-</SUP>12,4-D,5%CW,0.2%Gelrite)で継代培養を行なった.またSEの発育促進のために1.0mg・1<SUP>-</SUP>1Kinetinと1,Omg・1<SUP>-</SUP>1GA3及び5%CW添加のMS培地に置床した(Fig.3).カルスは,培養後3~5日目頃,胚の中央部分から形成され,その多くは透明なやわらかいカルスであった.しかし,その後,培養15日目頃には摘出胚の胚盤または中央部に相当する部分から白色でコンパクトなカルスが出現し始め,40日目には,カルスの.上部一面に形成された.さらに培養を重ねるにつれて,それらは突起状の不定胚構造を呈した(Fig 1).品種Petrie及ぴGattonでは,SEの形成卒が他の未熟胚よりも高かったのに対し,S67及びN68/96-8-o 1Oでは低く,N68/84-1-o 8では全く得られなかった(Table1).これらのSEを個別に分離して上述の発芽促進培地に置床したところ,Petrie,Gatton及びNatsuyutakaの3品種からは高頻度で植物体を誘導することができ,SEの形成卒と植物体再分化との間には品種及び系統間で顕著な差が認められた.そこでSE形成卒とアポミクシス程度との関係について調査を行なった(Fig.4).これによると本実験で供試したギニアグラスはSEの形成卒とアポミクシス程度によって3つのグループに分けることができ,その中でもPetrie及びGattonはSE形成卒が高く,さらにはアポミクシスの程度も商い値を示していることが判明した.
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数種野生マメ科植物におけるカルス形成と植物体再分化について
共著者:明石 良,池田一
植物組織培養学会 6: 31-32 1989.4
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Callus formation and plant regeneration from immature inflorescences and apical meristems of cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica L.)
共著者:R. Akashi,H.Ikeda
The Journal of Japanese Society of Grassland Science 34: 333-335 1989.3
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チガヤ(Imperata cylindrica L.)の幼穂および生長点からのカルス形成と植物体再分化 Reviewed
明石 良, 池田 一
日本草地学会誌 34 ( 4 ) 333 - 335 1989
Language:English Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher:日本草地学会