Papers - SAKAI Motohiro
-
COVID-19禍における中高年のひきこもり支援 Invited
境 泉洋
都市問題 112 ( 9 ) 46 - 54 2021.9
Authorship：Lead author Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
-
Nonaka S., Sakai M.
Comprehensive Psychiatry 108 152251 2021.7
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Comprehensive Psychiatry
Background: Although several surveys have suggested that socioeconomic factors function as background variables for the incidence of hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal), no research has directly examined whether socioeconomic indicators increase the incidence of hikikomori. This study aimed to examine the relationship between socioeconomic factors and the incidence of hikikomori using data from eight cross-sectional studies conducted by our group between 2010 and 2019. Methods: We used socio-economic data from national surveys and collected the demographic data of members of a multi-branch Japanese association for family members of hikikomori patients for the period of 2010–2019. Results: The results of the partial correlation analysis showed that the incidence probability of hikikomori increased in tandem with unemployment rates and household income. Further, the associations were positively strong in the 2010–2015 research period; however, they were absent, weak, or medium in the 2016–2019 research period. Conclusions: The findings suggest that socioeconomic factors relate to the increase in hikikomori, and that these factors should be considered when identifying the individual or cultural factors that cause hikikomori.
-
Hikikomori under COVID-19 from the perspective of practitioners Invited
Psychiatry 38 ( 6 ) 666 - 671 2021.6
Authorship：Lead author Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)
-
Psychological factors associated with social withdrawal (Hikikomori) Reviewed
Nonaka S., Sakai M.
Psychiatry Investigation 18 ( 5 ) 463 - 470 2021.5
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Psychiatry Investigation
Objective Cases of prolonged social withdrawal (hikikomori) have recently been reported in several countries. This study examined the impact of cognitive-behavioral and emotional factors on hikikomori behavior to identify intervention targets. Identifying such targets could facilitate the development of techniques to address hikikomori characteristics. Methods Two hundred Japanese individuals (mean age=38.73, SD=6.85) completed the Adaptive Behaviors Scale for Hikikomori and Stress Response Scale-18, along with the Japanese versions of the Self-Compassion Scale (Short Form), Acceptance and Action Ques-tionnaire-II, and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory. Participants were divided into two groups: individuals with no experience of social withdrawal, and those with experience of social withdrawal. Results Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that the use of instrumental support, behavioral disengagement stress coping skills, self-compassion, and psychological stress were associated with hikikomori behaviors. Furthermore, higher instrumental support levels, associated with a decrease in hikikomori behaviors, were found in the hikikomori group. Conclusion The use of instrumental support, behavioral disengagement stress coping skills, self-compassion, and psychological stress should be targeted in hikikomori prevention interventions. Moreover, encouragement for the use of instrumental support is needed for improving hikikomori.
-
宮崎県精神保健福祉センターにおける「ひきこもり」の実態調査 Reviewed
直野 慶子、村山 光子、片平 久美、野上 朋子、愛甲 美穂、境 泉洋、安部 博史、石田 康
最新精神医学 26 ( 2 ) 169 - 176 2021.3
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
-
Development of a 3-Day Intervention Program for Family Members of Hikikomori Sufferers Reviewed
Kubo H., Urata H., Sakai M., Nonaka S., Kishimoto J., Saito K., Tateno M., Kobara K., Fujisawa D., Hashimoto N., Suzuki Y., Honda Y., Otsuka K., Kanba S., Kuroki T., Kato T.A.
Japanese Psychological Research 2021
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japanese Psychological Research
Hikikomori (a severe form of social withdrawal) is a serious mental health issue. A family approach is the initial step to support hikikomori; thus effective family intervention programs are warranted. We recently developed a 5-day family intervention program (120 min weekly) based on Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) and Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT). In the present study, we modified the 5-day program to a 3-day program (180 min fortnightly), and examined the effectiveness of the 3-day program using a single-arm procedure. Data of 23 parents (four fathers and 19 mothers; age = 62.0 ± 9.1 years) were analyzed. Mental health conditions among participants themselves improved at the 4-month follow-up, but the confidence in hikikomori support declined and stigma toward mental health problems did not change. However, short-term improvements in perceived skills in approaching hikikomori sufferers were detected. Hikikomori sufferers’ actual behavioral changes, such as social participation or utilization of support, were also observed (six out of 20 hikikomori sufferers). Preliminary effectiveness was confirmed for the 3-day program. Further revision of the program and a validation study with controls are required.
DOI： 10.1111/jpr.12368
-
長期化するひきこもり本人と共に生きる家族の相談支援
境 泉洋
公衆衛生 85 655 - 660 2021
Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
-
Nonaka S., Sakai M.
Current Psychology 2020.11
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Current Psychology
This study assessed the social interaction behaviors of individuals with prolonged social withdrawal (HIKIKOMORI), subsequently developing a 26-item self-reported scale called the Adaptive Behaviors Scale for Hikikomori Self Report version (ABS-H-SR). The psychometric properties of the scale were confirmed using the item response theory. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and item response theory (IRT) analysis were conducted using data from participants classified into three groups: the HIKIKOMORI group (n = 72), those who previously experienced it (previous group; n = 175), and the control group (n = 849). The reliability was assessed using the test-retest method and Cronbach’s alpha. The results suggest a reliable scale with acceptable criterion-related, convergent, and discriminant validity. This study suggests that the ABS-H-SR adequately assessed the social interaction behaviors of individuals with prolonged social withdrawal (HIKIKOMORI). Further research may clarify the extent to which the ABS-H-SR is sensitive to changes in the characteristics of prolonged social withdrawal (HIKIKOMORI).
-
日本のひきこもり Invited
境 泉洋
臨床心理学 20 ( 6 ) 665 - 669 2020.11
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)
-
幼保小接続のための入学準備版ペアレント・トレーニングの効果
玉城 美千子、境 泉洋、立元 真
宮崎大学教育学部紀要 ( 95 ) 219 - 229 2020.8
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)
-
ひきこもり本人と共に生きる家族とどう話し合うか Invited
境 泉洋
臨床心理学 20 ( 4 ) 454 - 458 2020.7
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)
-
ひきこもり本人と共に生きる家族からの相談
境 泉洋
こころの科学 212 77 - 82 2020.7
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
-
Muto Takashi, Sakai Motohiro, Oono Hiroshi
Japanese Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies 46 ( 2 ) 89 - 97 2020.5
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japanese Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies( JABCT )
The purpose of this article was to 1) reconsider psychological approaches in the field of welfare, 2) clarify the uniqueness of the professional work in that field, and 3) suggest a new approach of the "behavioral and cognitive"-oriented certified public psychologist in that context. Behavioral Human Serviceology (Mochizuki, 1993) is suggested as a new approach based on an echo-behavioral perspective, which was used in recent research on environmental enrichment/enriched environment (EE), non-contingent reinforcement (NCR), and motivating operations (MO).
-
Behavioral repertoire of families for coping with individuals with Hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal) in Japan Reviewed
Nonaka, Shunsuke, Shimada, Hironori, Sakai, Motohiro
Japanese Psychological Research (Japanese Psychological Association) 62 in press 2020.4
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
-
ひきこもり当事者への働きかけ方―実存的危機から救う場づくりー
境 泉洋
精神科治療学 35 ( 4 ) 403 - 409 2020.4
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
-
Nonaka S., Shimada H., Sakai M.
Japanese Psychological Research 63 ( 1 ) 13 - 25 2020.1
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japanese Psychological Research
© 2020 Japanese Psychological Association. Published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of families’ behavioral repertoires in hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal) cases. We asked 243 parents of individuals with hikikomori (hikikomori group) to complete the Family Behavioral Repertoire Scale for Coping With Hikikomori (FBS-H), the Negative Evaluation of Hikikomori Scale, and a self-efficacy measure of coping with problem behaviors of hikikomori in order to develop the FBS-H and to examine its reliability and validity. Additionally, we examined the characteristics of hikikomori cases regarding the families’ behavioral repertoires using data from the hikikomori group and from 458 parents of individuals with no experience of hikikomori (control group). The results of the analysis indicated the acceptable reliability and validity of the FBS-H. The hikikomori group did not have lower FBS-H scores than the control group. This result indicates the possibility that a family's behavioral repertoire does not strongly influence the “expression” of hikikomori. Further research is needed to clarify the influence of families’ behavioral repertoires to refine family support.
DOI： 10.1111/jpr.12273
-
Nonaka S., Shimada H., Sakai M.
Frontiers in Psychiatry 10 977 2020.1
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Frontiers in Psychiatry
© Copyright © 2020 Nonaka, Shimada and Sakai. Background: Family support is key in the initial stages of psychological support for individuals with hikikomori. However, it remains necessary to confirm the relationship between families’ cognitive behavioral factors and the severity of hikikomori to understand ways of improving hikikomori. We examined the influences of family behavioral repertoires for coping with hikikomori and family interaction on the adaptive behaviors of individuals with hikikomori. We employed a control group to examine whether the influence of these adaptive behaviors was unique to families of individuals with hikikomori. Methods: We asked 185 parents of individuals with hikikomori (hikikomori group) and 460 parents of individuals with no experience of hikikomori (control group) to complete the Family Behavioral Repertoire Scale for coping with hikikomori (FBS-H), the Family Interaction Scale for Hikikomori (FIS-H), and the Adaptive Behaviors Scale for Hikikomori (ABS-H). Using the subscales of the ABS-H as the dependent variables, we conducted hierarchical multiple regression analyses wherein family behavioral repertoire was added in Step 1, experience frequency and cognition of contingency were added in Step 2 as control values, family interaction was added in Step 3, and the interaction terms were added in Step 4. Results: The ABS-H total and subscale scores were significantly lower in the hikikomori group than in the control group. The social participation subscale showed the largest difference, while the family subscale showed the smallest. In the hikikomori group, we observed a significant adjusted R2 for the family and value subscales (Step 1). The ΔR2 in Step 3 was significant for the interaction and family subscales of the ABS-H. In the control group, significant adjusted R2 values were found for all ABS-H subscales in Step 1, but the ΔR2 in Step 3 was not significant for any subscales. Conclusion: Family-related cognitive behavioral factors, such as family behavioral repertoire and family interaction, appear to relate to improvement in hikikomori. Of course, these findings warrant further investigation because we did not examine the longitudinal, causal relations between these variables. In the future, we might also test the effect of family support interventions that target families’ behavioral repertoire and family interaction.
-
Development of 5-day hikikomori intervention program for family members: A single-arm pilot trial Reviewed
Kubo H., Urata H., Sakai M., Nonaka S., Saito K., Tateno M., Kobara K., Hashimoto N., Fujisawa D., Suzuki Y., Otsuka K., Kamimae H., Muto Y., Usami T., Honda Y., Kishimoto J., Kuroki T., Kanba S., Kato T.A.
Heliyon 6 ( 1 ) e03011 2020.1
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Heliyon
© 2019 The Author(s) Clinical psychology; Depression; Mental health; Psychiatry; Suicide; Pathological social withdrawal (hikikomori); Depression; Social anxiety; Mental health first aid (MHFA); Community reinforcement and family training (CRAFT); Family support
-
Nonaka S., Shimada H., Sakai M.
Japanese Psychological Research 61 ( 3 ) 153 - 165 2019.7
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japanese Psychological Research
© 2018 Japanese Psychological Association. Published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. The cognitive behavioral approach for families of individuals with hikikomori (IWH) places importance on assessing family interaction from a behavior theory. However, there is no gold standard method for the assessment of family interaction of IWH. Additionally, the characteristics of the family interactions of IWH have not been clarified. This study aims to (a) develop the Family Interaction Scale for Hikikomori (FIS-H) using parent-reported data, and (b) clarify the characteristics of hikikomori cases. First, the FIS-H factor structure was examined. Second, to examine the reliability and validity of the FIS-H and the characteristics of hikikomori cases, parents of IWH (hikikomori-group) and unaffected parents (without-group) completed the FIS-H and the Relationship Happiness Scale. Based on data from 146 parents, the FIS-H preliminary version consisted of four factors with a total of 12 items (Study 1). The reliability and validity of the FIS-H were also confirmed to be acceptable using data from 246 hikikomori-group participants. The hikikomori-group had higher FIS-H scores than did the without-group (Study 2). These results show that it is important to appropriately assess family interactions.
DOI： 10.1111/jpr.12219
-
特集 ｢ひきこもり｣問題のいま-長期高年齢化に対応する 就労がひきこもり支援のゴールか? Reviewed
境 泉洋
保健師ジャーナル 75 ( 6 ) 479 - 483 2019.6
Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：株式会社医学書院