Papers - KATAYAMA Tetsuro
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Design Level Class Decomposition using the Threshold-based Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering Reviewed
Bayu Priyambadha, Tetsuro Katayama
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications 13 ( 3 ) 57 - 64 2022.3
Authorship：Corresponding author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
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Shotaro Usuzaki, Kentaro Aburada, Hisaaki Yamaba, Tetsuro Katayama, Masayuki Mukunoki, Mirang Park, Naonobu Okazaki
Artificial Life and Robotics 27 ( 1 ) 179 2022.2
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
In the original publication of the article, on Figs. 4 and 5, “CNN” should read as “MLP”. In addition, under the section “4.2 Human and machine success rate”, on the paragraph “For evaluation of the machine success …”, in the following sentence “In the attack experiment, we applied the famous color …” CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) should be corrected as MLP (Multilayer perceptron). The correct sentence should read as “In the attack experiment, we applied the famous color constancy algorithm, Gray-World, Max-RGB, Gray-Edge [11], Second Derivative Gray-Edge, and MLP (Multilayer perceptron) to images that were saved in the experiment for the human success rate
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Proposal of Gamma Which Is a Spatial Data Sharing Distributed MQTT System Reviewed
Ueda T., Katayama T., Kita Y., Yamaba H., Aburada K., Okazaki N.
Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Life and Robotics 188 - 192 2022.1
Authorship：Corresponding author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Life and Robotics
This paper proposes Gamma, which is a new distributed MQTT system, to improve the usefulness of distributed MQTT systems for sharing spatial data. In the experiment, it has been found that Gamma can process more messages than a single MQTT broker. It is confirmed that Gamma achieves scalability by increasing the number of Gateways and distributed MQTT brokers. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the efficiency of the distributed MQTT system can be improved by setting the responsibility area of Gateways.
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Proposal for a blockchain based agricultural input voucher system Reviewed
Isakwisa Gaddy Tende, Kentaro Aburada, Hisaaki Yamaba, Tetsuro Katayama, Naonobu Okazaki
Artificial Life and Robotics 27 ( 3 ) 461 - 471 2022.1
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
Most of the small-scale farmers in Tanzania can’t afford to buy quality agricultural inputs (fertilizers and seeds), therefore the Tanzanian government issues paper-based subsidy vouchers to farmers for buying the inputs at half price. However, challenges like misuse of the vouchers by some government officials (stealing and favoritism in allocation) and lack of trust (difficulty of verifying vouchers’ authenticity) have resulted into low crop productivity for the farmers and loss of government funds. To address this, we have developed agricultural input voucher system which stores and allocates digital subsidy vouchers to farmers in the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain network whose features like hashing and digital signature prevent misuse and ensure trust of the vouchers. Farmers access the digital vouchers through Short Message Service (SMS) in their mobile phones. Evaluation reveals that, the developed system is effective and meets performance demands of Tanzanian farmers. Also, Raft has better performance than Kafka consensus protocol.
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Suga K., Katayama T., Kita Y., Yamaba H., Aburada K., Okazaki N.
Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Life and Robotics 178 - 182 2022.1
Authorship：Corresponding author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Life and Robotics
Writing VDM++ specifications is difficult. The existing method can automatically generate type and constant definitions in VDM++ specification from natural language specification using machine learning. This paper proposes a method to generate classes and instance variable definitions in the VDM++ specification from natural language specification to improve the usefulness of the existing method. From the evaluation experiment by using F-values, it has been confirmed that the proposed method can improve the usefulness of the existing method.
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Muto T., Katayama T., Kita Y., Yamaba H., Aburada K., Okazaki N.
Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Life and Robotics 183 - 187 2022.1
Authorship：Corresponding author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Life and Robotics
Generating test cases from the VDM++ specification to eliminate ambiguity in the specification is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Therefore, our laboratory developed BWDM, which is an automatic test case generation tool for VDM++ specifications. However, BWDM is not very useful because it has three problems about its narrow scope of application. This paper extends BWDM to solve three problems. In addition, we conducted a comparison experiment with manual test case generation and confirmed a time saving of about 17 minutes.
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リレーアタック耐性とボット耐性の両立を目指したインタラクティブな動画CAPTCHAの提案と評価 Reviewed
油田 健太郎, 臼崎 翔太郎, 山場 久昭, 片山 徹郎, 椋木 雅之, 朴 美娘, 岡崎 直宣
情報処理学会論文誌 62 ( 12 ) 1864 - 1878 2021.12
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：[出版社不明]
Webサービスへの不正対策としてCAPTCHAが用いられている．CAPTCHAは，人間には容易に解答できるがコンピュータ（ボット）には困難な問題を出題し，正しい解答をした者を人間と判断するシステムである．CAPTCHAはリレーアタックと呼ばれるインターネット上の報酬に誘引された人間を利用してCAPTCHAを解読させる方法に対して脆弱である．そこで，本論文ではリレーアタックを行った場合に生じる通信遅延に着目し，リレーアタックでのCAPTCHAの解答を困難にすることを目指したCAPTCHA方式を提案する．提案手法は，連続的に移動するオブジェクトをマウスカーソルで追跡し，その追跡が成功していた時間が所与の値を超えているか否かで人間かボットかを判別する．提案手法を評価するために，リレーアタックの実験環境を構築して実験を行った．次に，自動プログラムを用いた攻撃に対しても評価を行った．その結果，提案手法はリレーアタックと自動プログラムを用いた攻撃に対してロバストな方式であることを明らかにした．
CAPTCHA can be used to protect Web services against unauthorized access. CAPTCHA is designed to detect automated programs (called bots) by requiring them to perform tasks that are easy for humans but difficult for automations. CAPTCHAs are vulnerable to relay attacks in which the challenges are relayed to remote human-solvers who hope for a reward. Our new CAPTCHA uses delay time between communications to prevent relay attacks. In our CAPTCHA, users have to recognize the target object from a number of randomly appearing decoy objects and tracks it with his/her mouse cursor. To pass the test, the user must track the target for a given amount of time. We constructed an experimental environment in which relay attack can be simulated, made a series of experiments in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Next, we implemented an automated attack for applying to our CAPTCHA and evaluate its resistance to automated attacks. Our results showed the robustness of our proposed method against relay attack and automated attacks.DOI： 10.20729/00214230
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Proposal for a crop protection information system for rural farmers in Tanzania Reviewed
Isakwisa Gaddy Tende, Kentaro Aburada, Hisaaki Yamaba, Tetsuro Katayama, Naonobu Okazaki
Agronomy 11 ( 12 ) 2021.12
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
Crop protection information, such as how to control emergent and outbreak crop diseases and pests, as well as the latest research, regulations, and quality control measures for pesticides and fertilizers, is important to farmers. Rural smallholder farmers in Tanzania have traditionally relied on government agricultural officers who visit them in their villages to provide this crop protection information. However, these officers are few and cannot reach all the farmers on time. This means that farmers fail to make critical farming decisions on time, which can lead to low crop productivity. In this study, we aim to provide farmers with reliable and instant crop protection information by developing a system based on the Short Message Service (SMS) and the Web. This system automatically replies to farmers’ requests for the latest crop protection information in the Swahili language through SMS on a mobile phone or a Web system. The findings reveal that our proposed system can provide farmers with crop protection information at lower cost (500 times cheaper) than the existing Tigo Kilimo system. Furthermore, our proposed system’s deep learning model is effective in understanding and processing Swahili natural language SMS queries for crop protection information with an accuracy of 96.43%. This crop protection information will help farmers make better critical farming decisions on time and improve crop productivity.
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Performance Evaluation of Blockchain Based Agricultural Input Voucher System Reviewed
Tende I.G., Aburada K., Yamaba H., Katayama T., Okazaki N.
2021 IEEE 10th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics, GCCE 2021 637 - 638 2021.10
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：2021 IEEE 10th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics, GCCE 2021
Large portion of rural small-scale farmers in Tanzania can't afford to buy quality agricultural inputs (fertilizers and seeds), therefore the government of Tanzania provides these farmers with paper-based subsidy vouchers which allow them to buy the agricultural inputs at only half price. However, challenges like misuse of the vouchers by some government officials (stealing and favoritism in vouchers' allocation) and lack of trust (difficulty of verifying vouchers' authenticity) have resulted into low crop productivity for the farmers and loss of government funds. In our previous work, we developed agricultural input voucher system which stores and allocates digital subsidy vouchers to farmers in the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain network and we evaluated its performance based on transaction throughput and latency metrics which are important to farmers, who access the system through Short Message Service (SMS) in their mobile phones. The blockchain network's features such as hashing and digital signature prevent misuse and ensure trust of the digital vouchers. In this paper, we evaluate performance of the developed blockchain network based on resources (CPU and memory) consumption metrics which are important in planning resources during system deployment. The evaluation findings reveal that, Raft consensus protocol consumes resources more efficiently than Kafka consensus protocol.
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Katayama Tetsuro, Arima Kaoru
Memoirs of Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki 50 213 - 218 2021.9
Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
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UMLとJavaソースコード間のトレーサビリティを リアルタイムに維持するツールRETUSSの試作 Reviewed
有馬 薫, 片山 徹郎
ソフトウェアエンジニアリングシンポジウム2021論文集 242 - 251 2021.9
Authorship：Corresponding author Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.)
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Extension of the Function to Ensure Real-time Traceability between UML Sequence Diagram and Java Source Code on RETUSS Reviewed
K. Arima, T. Katayama, Y. Kita, H. Yamaba, K. Aburada, N. Okazaki
Journalof Advances in Artificial Life Robotics (JAALR) 2 ( 1 ) 254 - 258 2021.6
Authorship：Corresponding author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
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Measuring test suite reusability based on the usage frequency and coverage of reused test cases Reviewed
Mochamad Chandra Saputra, Tetsuro Katayama, Yoshihiro Kita, Hisaaki Yamaba, Kentaro Aburada, Naonobu Okazaki
Journal of Robotics, Networking and Artificial Life 8 ( 1 ) 24 - 28 2021.6
Authorship：Corresponding author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
Test suite reusability measurement is important to obtain the value of reusability as the degree of effectiveness of reused test suite. The measurement in this experiment considers not only the frequency of the successful test suite to examine different objects but also the code coverage as the criteria of a good test suite. The combination of the frequency and code coverage in the measurement reports the current condition of test suite reusability. The research confirms the test suite reusability measurement provides useful information to know the degree of effectiveness of reused test suite, especially in regression testing and automated testing.
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Measuring redundancy score for test suite evaluation by using test cases matching approach Reviewed
Mochamad Chandra Saputra, Tetsuro Katayama, Yoshihiro Kita, Hisaaki Yamaba, Kentaro Aburada, Naonobu Okazaki
Journal of Robotics, Networking and Artificial Life 8 ( 1 ) 1 - 5 2021.6
Authorship：Corresponding author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
Evaluating a test suite that contains redundant test cases is necessary to reduce the cost of testing. The redundant test cases exist when both of the two test cases are executed the same lines of code. This research evaluates the test suite by identifying redundant test cases. Exact match approach is used to investigate the redundant test cases in the test suite. The redundancy score is defined by redundancy formula which is calculated by dividing the number of redundant test cases by numbers of test cases in a test suite. The experiment uses two Java programs. The redundancy scores of the two test suites from each program are 0.37 and 0.67, respectively. It means 37% and 67% redundant test cases are included in the test suites. The redundancy score provides useful information to improve the efficiency of software testing, especially in testing other programs by reusing the same test suite such as regression testing and automated testing.
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Proposal of a Method to Measure Test Suite Quality Attributes for White-Box Testing Reviewed
Mochamad Chandra Saputra, Tetsuro Katayama
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications 12 ( 5 ) 286 - 294 2021.5
Authorship：Corresponding author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
As an important asset in software testing, measuring quality attributes of the test suite is important to describe the quality of software. This research proposes a method to measure the test suite quality attributes for white-box testing. The attributes are usability, efficiency, reliability, functionality, portability, and maintainability that are selected from 28 attributes in software quality. By using the proposed method, the test suite quality attributes are calculated with various results of level of quality. The result of test suite quality attribute measurement then proves the validity of its result by the reliability analysis. It is used Cohen’s kappa coefficient to validating the result of test suite quality attributes measurement based on the level of agreement between the result of measurement and expert assessment. Reliability analysis on test suite quality attribute finds the attribute that strongly related based on the minimum percentage of level of agreement value are usability, reliability and functionality. Hence, our proposed method is useful to measure test suite quality attributes.
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Development and evaluation of Swahili text based CAPTCHA Reviewed
Isakwisa Gaddy Tende, Kentaro Aburada, Hisaaki Yamaba, Tetsuro Katayama, Naonobu Okazaki
LifeTech 2021 - 2021 IEEE 3rd Global Conference on Life Sciences and Technologies 293 - 297 2021.3
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) is a test used in computing to determine whether the user is human or not and can be used in websites to offer protection against malicious programs (bots) which run automated tasks such as posting fake comments. Most of the Swahili language based websites in Tanzania still use English language based CAPTCHAs such as Google’s reCAPTCHA v2 which has poor usability for native Swahili users and poor robustness. This paper proposes Swahili CAPTCHA which requires users to recognize and correctly spell the distorted and misspelled Swahili words. Evaluation findings reveal that Swahili CAPTCHA is easier to learn and use and has similar robustness compared to reCAPTCHA v2.
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Proposal and evaluation for color constancy CAPTCHA Reviewed
Shotaro Usuzaki, Kentaro Aburada, Hisaaki Yamaba, Tetsuro Katayama, Masayuki Mukunoki, Mirang Park, Naonobu Okazaki
ARTIFICIAL LIFE AND ROBOTICS 26 ( 3 ) 291 - 296 2021.3
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER
CAPTCHAs are technologies that distinguish humans and bot to prevent illegal access. Unfortunately, current CAPTCHAs, even the latest Google reCAPTCHA, have already broken with high accuracy. Although the devices, including emphasizing the distortion of the text and adding noise to the image, improve the machine resistance, they may decrease the accessibility of the web page. The purpose of this study is to propose a new CAPTCHA that can decrease the machine resistance while keeping usability. To achieve this purpose, we focused on color constancy. Color constancy is a human's characteristic that enables humans to recognize the original color of the object by ignoring the effects of illumination light. Color constancy has not been fully reproduced by the program yet. We proposed color constancy CAPTCHA that the user is required to answer an original color of the object in a specified area on the CAPTCHA image with a color filter. In this paper, we created a prototype of CAPTCHA, applied two kinds of color filters, and then evaluated each case for the human success rate, machine success rate, and usability.
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Identification of Redundant Test Cases by Using Similarity Measurement Method for Test Suite Evaluation Reviewed
Mochamad Chandra Saputra, T. Katayama, Y. Kita, H. Yamaba, K. Aburada, and N. Okazaki
Journalof Advances in Artificial Life Robotics (JAALR) 1 ( 4 ) 186 - 191 2021.3
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)
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Utilizing the Similarity Meaning of Label in Class Cohesion Calculation Reviewed
Bayu Priyambadha, Tetsuro Katayama, Yoshihiro Kita, Hisaaki Yamaba, Kentaro Aburada, Nanoubu Okazaki
JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS NETWORKING AND ARTIFICIAL LIFE 7 ( 4 ) 270 - 274 2021.3
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ATLANTIS PRESS
The cohesion is one of the design quality indicators in software engineering. The measurement of the value of cohesion is done by looking at the correlation between attributes and methods that are in a class. In Direct Distance Design Class Cohesion (D3C2) metrics, attributes, and methods are assumed to have a good correlation if they have a similar type. But, the similarity of type parameters and attributes do not always indicate that these attributes are managed (correlated) in the method. This study is trying to gain information that can enhance the degree of certainty of a correlation between the methods and attributes. Relatedness between them has been seen from closeness the meaning of the name tag attribute, method, and parameters. The experimental results declared an increase in the value of cohesion produced in line with the similarity of meaning. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press B.V.
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Improvement of RETUSS to Ensure Traceability between Sequence Diagram in UML and Java Source Code in Real Time Reviewed
Arima Kaoru, Katayama Tetsuro, Kita Yoshihiro, Yamaba Hisaaki, Aburada Kentaro, Okazaki Naonobu
ICAROB 2021: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2021 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL LIFE AND ROBOTICS 352 - 355 2021.1
Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)