Details of a Researcher - KATAYAMA Tetsuro

Measuring redundancy score for test suite evaluation by using test cases matching approach Reviewed

Mochamad Chandra Saputra, Tetsuro Katayama, Yoshihiro Kita, Hisaaki Yamaba, Kentaro Aburada, Naonobu Okazaki

Journal of Robotics, Networking and Artificial Life 8 ( 1 ) 1 - 5 2021.6

Authorship：Corresponding author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Evaluating a test suite that contains redundant test cases is necessary to reduce the cost of testing. The redundant test cases exist when both of the two test cases are executed the same lines of code. This research evaluates the test suite by identifying redundant test cases. Exact match approach is used to investigate the redundant test cases in the test suite. The redundancy score is defined by redundancy formula which is calculated by dividing the number of redundant test cases by numbers of test cases in a test suite. The experiment uses two Java programs. The redundancy scores of the two test suites from each program are 0.37 and 0.67, respectively. It means 37% and 67% redundant test cases are included in the test suites. The redundancy score provides useful information to improve the efficiency of software testing, especially in testing other programs by reusing the same test suite such as regression testing and automated testing.

DOI： 10.2991/jrnal.k.210521.001

Proposal of a Method to Measure Test Suite Quality Attributes for White-Box Testing Reviewed

Mochamad Chandra Saputra, Tetsuro Katayama

International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications 12 ( 5 ) 286 - 294 2021.5

Authorship：Corresponding author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

As an important asset in software testing, measuring quality attributes of the test suite is important to describe the quality of software. This research proposes a method to measure the test suite quality attributes for white-box testing. The attributes are usability, efficiency, reliability, functionality, portability, and maintainability that are selected from 28 attributes in software quality. By using the proposed method, the test suite quality attributes are calculated with various results of level of quality. The result of test suite quality attribute measurement then proves the validity of its result by the reliability analysis. It is used Cohen’s kappa coefficient to validating the result of test suite quality attributes measurement based on the level of agreement between the result of measurement and expert assessment. Reliability analysis on test suite quality attribute finds the attribute that strongly related based on the minimum percentage of level of agreement value are usability, reliability and functionality. Hence, our proposed method is useful to measure test suite quality attributes.

DOI： 10.14569/IJACSA.2021.0120535

Development and evaluation of Swahili text based CAPTCHA Reviewed

Isakwisa Gaddy Tende, Kentaro Aburada, Hisaaki Yamaba, Tetsuro Katayama, Naonobu Okazaki

LifeTech 2021 - 2021 IEEE 3rd Global Conference on Life Sciences and Technologies 293 - 297 2021.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) is a test used in computing to determine whether the user is human or not and can be used in websites to offer protection against malicious programs (bots) which run automated tasks such as posting fake comments. Most of the Swahili language based websites in Tanzania still use English language based CAPTCHAs such as Google’s reCAPTCHA v2 which has poor usability for native Swahili users and poor robustness. This paper proposes Swahili CAPTCHA which requires users to recognize and correctly spell the distorted and misspelled Swahili words. Evaluation findings reveal that Swahili CAPTCHA is easier to learn and use and has similar robustness compared to reCAPTCHA v2.

DOI： 10.1109/LifeTech52111.2021.9391820

Proposal and evaluation for color constancy CAPTCHA Reviewed

Shotaro Usuzaki, Kentaro Aburada, Hisaaki Yamaba, Tetsuro Katayama, Masayuki Mukunoki, Mirang Park, Naonobu Okazaki

ARTIFICIAL LIFE AND ROBOTICS 26 ( 3 ) 291 - 296 2021.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER

CAPTCHAs are technologies that distinguish humans and bot to prevent illegal access. Unfortunately, current CAPTCHAs, even the latest Google reCAPTCHA, have already broken with high accuracy. Although the devices, including emphasizing the distortion of the text and adding noise to the image, improve the machine resistance, they may decrease the accessibility of the web page. The purpose of this study is to propose a new CAPTCHA that can decrease the machine resistance while keeping usability. To achieve this purpose, we focused on color constancy. Color constancy is a human's characteristic that enables humans to recognize the original color of the object by ignoring the effects of illumination light. Color constancy has not been fully reproduced by the program yet. We proposed color constancy CAPTCHA that the user is required to answer an original color of the object in a specified area on the CAPTCHA image with a color filter. In this paper, we created a prototype of CAPTCHA, applied two kinds of color filters, and then evaluated each case for the human success rate, machine success rate, and usability.

DOI： 10.1007/s10015-021-00679-x

Web of Science

Identification of Redundant Test Cases by Using Similarity Measurement Method for Test Suite Evaluation Reviewed

Mochamad Chandra Saputra, T. Katayama, Y. Kita, H. Yamaba, K. Aburada, and N. Okazaki

Journalof Advances in Artificial Life Robotics (JAALR) 1 ( 4 ) 186 - 191 2021.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Utilizing the Similarity Meaning of Label in Class Cohesion Calculation Reviewed

Bayu Priyambadha, Tetsuro Katayama, Yoshihiro Kita, Hisaaki Yamaba, Kentaro Aburada, Nanoubu Okazaki

JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS NETWORKING AND ARTIFICIAL LIFE 7 ( 4 ) 270 - 274 2021.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ATLANTIS PRESS

The cohesion is one of the design quality indicators in software engineering. The measurement of the value of cohesion is done by looking at the correlation between attributes and methods that are in a class. In Direct Distance Design Class Cohesion (D3C2) metrics, attributes, and methods are assumed to have a good correlation if they have a similar type. But, the similarity of type parameters and attributes do not always indicate that these attributes are managed (correlated) in the method. This study is trying to gain information that can enhance the degree of certainty of a correlation between the methods and attributes. Relatedness between them has been seen from closeness the meaning of the name tag attribute, method, and parameters. The experimental results declared an increase in the value of cohesion produced in line with the similarity of meaning. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press B.V.

DOI： 10.2991/jrnal.k.201215.013

Web of Science

Test Suite Reusability Measurement Based on Uses Frequently and Coverage of Reused Test Cases Reviewed

Mochamad Chandra Saputra, Katayama Tetsuro, Kita Yoshihiro, Yamaba Hisaaki, Aburada Kentaro, Okazaki Naonobu

ICAROB 2021: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2021 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL LIFE AND ROBOTICS 344 - 347 2021.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)

Improvement of RETUSS to Ensure Traceability between Sequence Diagram in UML and Java Source Code in Real Time Reviewed

Arima Kaoru, Katayama Tetsuro, Kita Yoshihiro, Yamaba Hisaaki, Aburada Kentaro, Okazaki Naonobu

ICAROB 2021: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2021 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL LIFE AND ROBOTICS 352 - 355 2021.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)

The Seven Information Features of Class for Blob and Feature Envy Smell Detection in a Class Diagram Reviewed

Bayu Priyambadha, Katayama Tetsuro, Kita Yoshihiro, Yamaba Hisaaki, Aburada Kentaro, Okazaki Naonobu

ICAROB 2021: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2021 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL LIFE AND ROBOTICS 348 - 351 2021.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)

Identification of Redundant Test Cases by Using Similarity Measurement Method for Test Suite Evaluation Reviewed

Saputra Mochamad Chandra, Katayama Tetsuro, Kita Yoshihiro, Yamaba Hisaaki, Aburada Kentaro, Okazaki Naonobu

Journal of Advances in Artificial Life Robotics 1 ( 4 ) 187 - 192 2021

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：株式会社 ALife Robotics

Evaluating the test suite that contains redundant test cases is necessary to ensure the efficiency of the testing and reducing the cost of testing. The principle of redundant test cases on this research is any test cases on a similar path executed with a similar high value of normalized Euclidean distance. The first, the similarity calculated between the test cases and path coverage uses Euclidean distance. The value of the Euclidean distance on the test case with the lowest value of distance indicating highly similar and possibly executing similar lines of code. The normalized Euclidean distance is using to normalize the value from Euclidean distance result. The experiment uses two java programs. Each redundancy score is 0.37 and 0.67, respectively. It means 37% and 67% of the test cases should be avoided because there are inefficiency test cases on the test suite. The research confirms redundant test cases can be identified by Euclidean distance and normalized Euclidean distance to evaluate the test suite.

DOI： 10.57417/jaalr.1.4_187

Extension of the Function to Ensure Real-time Traceability between UML Sequence Diagram and Java Source Code on RETUSS Reviewed

Arima Kaoru, Katayama Tetsuro, Kita Yoshihiro, Yamaba Hisaaki, Aburada Kentaro, Okazaki Naonobu

Journal of Advances in Artificial Life Robotics 2 ( 1 ) 37 - 41 2021

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：株式会社 ALife Robotics

Ensuring traceability of software deliverables is one of the methods to ensure software quality. RETUSS (Real-time Ensure Traceability between UML and Source-code System) is a tool that saves labor and time, and eliminates mistakes by human handling in ensuring traceability between UML and source code. However, RETUSS is not useful due to its limited scope of application. This paper improves the usefulness of RETUSS by extending the function to ensure real-time traceability between UML sequence diagrams and Java source code on RETUSS.

DOI： 10.57417/jaalr.2.1_37

Proposal of an algorithm to generate VDM++ specification based on its grammar by using word lists extracted from the natural language specification Reviewed

Katayama T., Shigyo Y., Kita Y., Yamaba H., Aburada K., Okazaki N.

Journal of Robotics, Networking and Artificial Life 7 ( 3 ) 165 - 169 2020.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Journal of Robotics, Networking and Artificial Life

© 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press B.V. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). The natural language includes ambiguous expressions. Vienna Development Method (VDM) is one of methodology on the formal methods to write the specification without ambiguity. Because VDM++ is written by strict grammar, it is difficult to write a VDM++ specification. This research attempts to generate a VDM++ specification automatically from a natural language specification by machine learning. To generate a VDM++ specification, it is necessary to extract words that consist of predicate corresponding to the function and nouns corresponding to variable from the natural language specification. This paper proposes an approach to generate a VDM++ specification based on its grammar from the classified word list. Identifiers are generated from the classified word list, and then the VDM++ specification can be generated by converting them into VDM++ grammar.

DOI： 10.2991/jrnal.k.200909.005

Code Coverage Similarity Measurement Using Machine Learning for Test Cases Minimization Reviewed

Saputra M.C., Katayama T.

2020 IEEE 9th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics, GCCE 2020 287 - 291 2020.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：2020 IEEE 9th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics, GCCE 2020

© 2020 IEEE. Machine learning approach for minimizing the number of test cases on the test suite is an interesting research area on software testing. The research tries to minimize the number of test cases on the test suite by minimizing redundant test cases based on similarity classification. The Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbour, and Decision tree classify similar test cases by comparing the lines executed by test cases. The result has shown that the support vector machine is the highest score on accuracy and the lowest score on error rate comparing with K-Nearest Neighbour, and Decision tree. Minimize the redundant test cases increase the quality of the test cases, and reducing time on the testing process.

DOI： 10.1109/GCCE50665.2020.9291990

Tree-based keyword search algorithm over the visual paradigm's class diagram xml to abstracting class information Reviewed

Priyambadha B., Katayama T.

2020 IEEE 9th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics, GCCE 2020 280 - 284 2020.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：2020 IEEE 9th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics, GCCE 2020

© 2020 IEEE. In software engineering, abstracting the class information from XML based design artifact is important to analyze the design phase. The challenge of this research is the information is embedded inner the XML data structure and the target data is more than one and stored in a non-consecutive XML element position. This paper proposes a search algorithm over the XML file using the tree-based keyword as a composition of information. The experimentation confirms that the proposed algorithm can be used to collect all information that lies on the XML file by using the tree-based keyword consistently. The proposed algorithm's performance shows the linear growth rate of the execution time that inline with the growth of the number of lines. The tree-based keyword searching algorithm is promising used in the analysis of XML based software artifact.

DOI： 10.1109/GCCE50665.2020.9291865

Proposal of an Approach to Generate VDM++ Specifications from Natural Language Specification by Machine Learning Reviewed

Shigyo Y., Katayama T.

2020 IEEE 9th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics, GCCE 2020 292 - 296 2020.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：2020 IEEE 9th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics, GCCE 2020

© 2020 IEEE. A natural language contains ambiguous expressions. The VDM++ is one of the methodotogies on the formal methods to write the specification without ambiguity. It is difficult to write a VDM++ specification, because VDM++ is written by strict grammar. This research proposes an approach to automatically generate the VDM++ specification by machine learning. This approach defines four data structures and has four processes. In this paper, variables and only real type in the VDM++ specification are generated automatically by this approach. In order to generate the variables and real type, it is necessary to extract the noun corresponding to the variable from the natural language specification. Consequently, our proposed approach can generate a VDM++ specification and we have confirmed that the generated VDM++ specification is grammatically correct.

DOI： 10.1109/GCCE50665.2020.9292047

Proposal of an Approach to Generate VDM++ Specification from Classfied Lists of the Natural Language Specification by Machine Learning Reviewed

Katayama Tetsuro, Shigyo Yasuhiro

Memoirs of Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki 49 245 - 250 2020.9

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Proposal for Rotating 3D Text-based CAPTCHA Using Subjective Contour Reviewed

USUZAKI Shotaro, ABURADA Kentaro, YAMABA Hisaaki, KATAYAMA Tetsuro, MUKUNOKI Masayuki, PARK Mirang, OKAZAKI Naonobu

J103-B ( 8 ) 332 - 343 2020.8

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

In this study, we propose a CAPTCHA to improve the usability of the text-based method. This CAPTCHA shows only the side of the 3D characters rotate vertically or horizontally. Users need to input characters rotating in the specified direction to pass it. Humans can recognize the subjective contours of characters but machines cannot recognize them only seeing the shade. Our experiment result shows that the human success rate exceeded the average success rate of the existing method, and the usability is as high as the image-based CAPTCHA. We need to consider more obstruction to reduce attack accuracy against this CAPTCHA.

DOI： 10.14923/transcomj.2019WFP0007